20年10月15日文獻情報
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本次文獻簡報涉及生物炭對土壤和植物Cd和Pb富集影響[1]，雙殼類伴生有機質的變異[2]，植物蠟脂構建古陸地生態系統[3]，深海熱液系統DOM的印記[4]，漆酶固化秸稈生物炭在蒽降解中的應用[5]，混合土地利用河流中CDOM時空變化[6]，汙水熱解生成生物炭[7]，磁性多孔生物炭增強磷酸鹽清除和回收La(OH)3[8]，生物炭增強了克魯韋裡梭菌對乙酸的轉化和選擇[9]，海帶DOM釋放動力學和化學計量學[10]，石墨烯/生物炭複合體去除水中Cu2+[11]。
1. 題目: Influence of biochar and soil properties on soil and plant tissue concentrations of Cd and Pb: A meta-analysis文章編號: N20101511
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Houssou Assa Albert, Xiang Li, Paramsothy Jeyakumar, Lan Wei, Lianxi Huang, Qing Huang, Muhammad Kamran, Sabry M. Shaheen, Deyi Hou, Jörg Rinklebe, Zhongzhen Liu, Hailong Wang
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: The application of biochar to soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has received particular attention due to its ability to reduce PTE uptake by the plants. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify Cd and Pb concentrations in plant shoots and roots in response to biochar application and soil properties. We collected data from 65 peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2009 to 2020 in which 66% of manuscripts were published from 2015 to 2020. The data were processed using OpenMEE software. The results pinpointed that addition of biochar to soil caused a significant decrease in shoot and root Cd and Pb concentrations as compared to untreated soils with biochar (control), and the reduction rate was affected by plant types and both biochar and soil properties. The biochar size less than 2 mm, biochar pH higher than 10, pyrolysis temperature of 401–600 °C, and the application rate higher than 2% appeared to be effective in reducing shoot and root Cd and Pb concentration. Soil properties such as pH, SOC, and texture influenced the efficiency of biochar for reducing plant Cd and Pb uptake. Biochar application increased SOC (54.3%), CEC (48.0%), pH (0.08), and EC (59.4%), and reduced soil extractable Cd (42.1%) and Pb (47.1%) concentration in comparison to control. A detailed study on the rhizosphere chemistry and uptake mechanism will help to underpin the biochar application rates and their efficiency reducing PTE mobility and plant uptake.
文章二維碼:2. 題目: Variation in δ15N from shell-associated organic matter in bivalves: Implications for studies of modern and fossil ecosystems文章編號: N20101510
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Shibajyoti Das, Emily J. Judd, Benjamin T. Uveges, Linda C. Ivany, Christopher K. Junium
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) of organic matter can aid in the reconstruction of food webs and, when applied to fossil systems, may help resolve uncertainty about trophic position and provide tests for hypotheses developed using traditional paleoecological techniques. However, in order to use those values to reconstruct trophic relationships in ecosystems and assess changes in their dynamics, an understanding of the variability of isotopic signatures within individuals and across populations is critical. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology by which to characterize the variability in nitrogen isotope values within bivalve shells and to propose an approach for effective paleoecological and paleoceanographic studies using such data.Here we present high-resolution sclerochronological and whole-shell δ15N values of shell-associated organic matter derived from modern Spisula solidissima bivalves from three different localities. High-resolution δ15N values vary by about 4‰ over the sampled life history, which reflects the interplay of factors such as diet, physiological change over ontogeny, and background nitrogen isotopic signatures of dissolved nutrient nitrogen. A significant correlation of temporally aligned δ15N with δ18O at different lags suggests that the δ15N possibly has a seasonal control. Furthermore, an enrichment in δ15N following peak primary productivity in the region suggests that seasonal turnover of nutrients is the primary driver of δ15N variability. Unfortunately, the fossil record does not always yield well-preserved whole shells, and working with limited shell fragments is unlikely to capture the full range of variation exhibited within a shell. To this end, we also analyzed a field-collected sub-fossil set of Spisula for whole-shell δ15N. The sample set demonstrates 5‰ of variation in δ15N among individual shells, similar to the range observed within serially-sampled shells. This likely reflects a variation that we might expect to see in a population over time. Studies involving shell-associated nitrogen isotopes in a paleo setting should analyze numerous specimens in a stratigraphic unit to capture the whole range of δ15N values within a population. Moreover, for understanding trophic relationships it is important to analyze and compare the δ15N values of multiple coeval taxa each taxa.
文章二維碼:3. 題目: Changes in terrestrial ecosystem across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in western Canada inferred from plant wax lipid distributions and isotopic measurements文章編號: N20101509
期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
作者: Robert D. Bourque, Peter M.J. Douglas, Hans C.E. Larsson
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Changes in terrestrial environments across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, including plant ecology and carbon and water-cycling, remain poorly defined. Fluvial sediments spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary of southern Saskatchewan, Canada contain well preserved plant wax n-alkanes that provide a means of reconstructing changes to plant ecology and carbon and water cycling during this mass extinction event. We measured n-alkane carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotope ratios in two sedimentary sections and applied established fractionation factors to estimate the isotopic compositions of precipitation and bulk sedimentary organic matter sources. We also analyzed the distribution of n-alkanes as an indicator of the relative abundance of aquatic and terrestrial plants. We find a consistent shift towards a greater relative abundance of longer-chain n-alkanes across the boundary, implying a persistent increase in the relative abundance of terrestrial plants in the sedimentary basin. This is consistent with an increase in birch and elm palynomorphs immediately above the boundary. We hypothesize the extinction of all large herbivores at the boundary may have facilitated this transition to a terrestrial angiosperm dominated flora immediately after the boundary. We also find that the region was characterized by isotopically light precipitation, with δ2H values between −95‰ to −160‰ but do not observe evidence for major millennial-scale changes in regional precipitation isotopic composition spanning the boundary. n-Alkanes derived from both aquatic and terrestrial plants at one site display an upward trend in δ13C values of approximately 2‰ across the K-Pg boundary. This suggests millennial-scale local or global carbon-cycle variability altering either plant carbon isotope fractionation or the carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and atmospheric CO2. Overall our results suggest that carbon and water cycle changes associated with the K-Pg impact in terrestrial environments in western Canada were short-lived, but ecological shifts in plant communities were longer-lasting.
文章二維碼:4. 題目: Imprint of Kairei and Pelagia deep-sea hydrothermal systems (Indian Ocean) on marine dissolved organic matter文章編號: N20101508
期刊: Organic Geochemistry
作者: Ann Noowong, Gonzalo V. Gomez-Saez, Christian T. Hansen, Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera, Andrea Koschinsky, Thorsten Dittmar
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Only few studies exist that investigate the dynamics of deep-sea dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from hydrothermal vents. In this study, we provide first insight into the molecular composition of DOM associated with Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems covering the full range from hot focussed endmember fluids over diffuse fluids to open ocean hydrothermal plumes and deep seawater. We combined geochemical analyses with molecular characterization of DOM using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). We studied two vent systems with fluids venting >330 °C and up to 97% of hydrothermal endmember: the Kairei vents (Central Indian Ridge) with brine phase separation, and the newly discovered Pelagia vents (South-East Indian Ridge). The hot fluids in both systems were highly enriched in dissolved Fe, Si, K, Li, Mn and Zn compared to seawater. The molecular composition of DOM from hot fluids differed substantially from that of diffuse fluids and plumes, in which the composition was highly dominated by the seawater DOM signature. Low O/C ratio average in hot fluids (< 0.38) indicated potential input of more reduced (O-poor) DOM compounds from the vents into the surrounding seawater, independently of the vent location and of whether the fluid has undergone phase separation. To test the importance of pure thermal degradation, we compared our samples to fluids subjected to abiotic thermal degradation under laboratory conditions and we observed that our natural samples largely differed (> 94% Bray Curtis dissimilarity) from the experimental ones, suggesting additional degradation processes of organic compounds at the Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems.
文章二維碼:5. 題目: Application of laccase immobilized rice straw biochar for anthracene degradation文章編號: N20101507
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Arfin Imam, Sunil Kumar Suman, Raghuvir Singh, Bhanu Prasad Vempatapu, Anjan Ray, Pankaj K. Kanaujia
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: The present study explores the immobilization of ligninolytic enzyme-laccase on the surface of rice straw biochar and evaluates its application for anthracene biodegradation. The rice straw biochar was acid-treated to generate carboxyl functionality on its surface, followed by detailed morphological and chemical characterization. The surface area of functionalized biochar displayed a two-fold increase compared to the untreated biochar. Laccase was immobilized on functionalized biochar, and an immobilization yield of 66 % was obtained. The immobilized enzyme demonstrated operational stability up to six cycles while retaining 40 % of the initial activity. Laccase immobilization was further investigated by performing adsorption and kinetic studies, which revealed the highest immobilization concentration of 500 U g-1 at 25 °C. The adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model at equilibrium, and the kinetic study confirmed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The equilibrium rate constant (K2) at 25 °C and 4 °C were 3.6 × 10-3 g U-1 min-1 and 4 × 10-3 g U-1 min-1 respectively for 100 U g-1 of enzyme loading. This immobilized system was applied for anthracene degradation in the aqueous batch mode, which resulted in complete degradation of 50 mg L-1 anthracene within 24 h of interaction exposure.
文章二維碼:6. 題目: Spatiotemporal variations in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a mixed land-use river: Implications for surface water restoration文章編號: N20101506
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Peiran Tao, Meng Jin, Xubiao Yu, Jie Yu, Rongyue Zheng
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: A challenge for current surface water restoration and management in China is acquiring the source information for complex pollution scenarios in order to develop effective control strategies. As an important part of dissolved organic matter, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) contains unique chemical signals related to various pollution sources. Spectral methods such as fluorescence excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis enable rapid and low-cost CDOM characterization for source tracking. In this study, a typical small-sized river flowing through mixed land-use regions in southeastern China, the Lujiang River, was investigated to determine the responses of CDOM to spatiotemporal factors. The effects of land-use patterns were reflected by the fluorescent components of terrestrial and sewage substances. A high and stable proportion of terrestrial-like components (C1 + C2) in each sampling period (i.e., March: 47.6 ± 5.7% and October: 44.3 ± 2.7%) indicated a high input of non-point source (NPS) pollution from both agriculture and urban areas. In addition, the difference in solar radiation intensity induced by climate and air quality changes was also reflected by variability in the photodegradation product component (C3) of terrestrial precursors between October (24.8 ± 2.6%) and March (4.5 ± 2.0%), suggesting that terrestrial components could be a sensitive indicator for NPS pollutant monitoring. Increased sewage impact in downstream regions was reflected by a spike in the tryptophan-like component (C4); temporal variations in C4 (paired t-Test, p < 0.005) also indicated that sewage substances were more prone to removal by microbial activity in warmer seasons. The dynamics of C4 could serve as a good indicator of sewage disposal performance. The results of this study demonstrate that CDOM data have important practical applications for existing water restoration campaigns in southeastern China, as well as substantial potential for routine water quality monitoring.
文章二維碼:7. 題目: Heavy metal stabilization and improved biochar generation via pyrolysis of hydrothermally treated sewage sludge with antibiotic mycelial residue文章編號: N20101505
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Chunxing Li, Shengyu Xie, Futian You, Xinyu Zhu, Jie Li, Xinhai Xu, Guangwei Yu, Yin Wang, Irini Angelidaki
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Hydrothermally treated sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C with antibiotic mycelial residue addition ratios of 0, 10, 25, and 50 wt%. The results showed that co-pyrolysis could obviously improve biochar properties. Specifically, adding antibiotic mycelial residue increased the aromaticity and raised the higher heating value of the biochar, which indicates its better potential as fuel. The enrichment in functional groups improved the surface properties of biochar, indicating its better applicability. Additionally, the heavy metal concentrations in biochar were diluted by adding antibiotic mycelial residue, which led to lower toxic inputs to the environment. Moreover, heavy metals were transformed to more stable fractions after co-pyrolysis. A higher pyrolysis temperature and greater antibiotic mycelial residue amounts led to better immobilization of heavy metals, thus preventing their leaching to the environment. This work proposes a promising technique for the synergetic treatment of sewage sludge and antibiotic mycelial residue for improved biochar formation.
文章二維碼:8. 題目: Enhanced phosphate scavenging with effective recovery by magnetic porous biochar supported La(OH)3: Kinetics, isotherms, mechanisms and applications for water and real wastewater文章編號: N20101504
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Ying Zhang, Modupe Sarah Akindolie, Xue Tian, Bin Wu, Qi Hu, Zhao Jiang, Lei Wang, Yue Tao, Bo Cao, Jianhua Qu
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Herein, La(OH)3 decorated magnetic porous biochar (MPBC) was synthesized via KHCO3 activation and hydrothermal processes. The La-to-MPBC mass ratio of 3:1 described as La3-MPBC possessed a monolayer phosphate adsorption capacity of 116.08 mg/g across a pH range of 3.0–6.0 with fast attainment of adsorption equilibrium in 150 min. Moreover, the phosphate adsorption was substantially stable during the interference of various co-existing ions with over 92% of phosphate removal and 77% of desorption efficiency maintained after four recycles. And La3-MPBC was easily separated by magnet force with negligible La and Fe leakages within the pH range of 3.0–10.0. Furthermore, La3-MPBC was supported to achieve phosphate binding through the synergistic actions of electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, inner-sphere complexation and weak precipitation. Significantly, La3-MPBC exhibited a high performance for decontaminating low-concentration phosphate to meet regulatory requirements. All these results suggested La3-MPBC to be an ideal candidate for phosphate removal in real applications.
文章二維碼:9. 題目: Biochar and activated carbon enhance ethanol conversion and selectivity to caproic acid by Clostridium kluyveri文章編號: N20101503
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Stef Ghysels, Sara Buffel, Korneel Rabaey, Frederik Ronsse, Ramon Ganigué
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Syngas from biomass or steel mills can be fermented into a dilute stream of ethanol and acetic acid, which requires energy intensive distillation for product recovery. This can be circumvented by selective secondary fermentation of the syngas fermentation effluent to caproic acid as easier recoverable platform chemical with Clostridium kluyveri. Here, we explore the impact of biochar and activated carbon on this process. Changes during the fermentation with biochar or activated carbon were monitored, different doses were tested and the recyclability of biochar and activated carbon was assessed. Biochar decreased the lag phase and increased the caproic acid production rate (up to 0.50 g·L-1·h-1). Upon recycling for subsequent fermentation, biochar retained this property largely. Activated carbon addition, especially at high dose, could potentially increase the conversion and selectivity towards caproic acid to 14.15 g·L-1 (control: 11.01 g·L-1) and 92% (control: 84%), respectively.
文章二維碼:10. 題目: The dynamics and stoichiometry of dissolved organic carbon release by kelp文章編號: N20101502
期刊: Ecology
作者: Brooke L. Weigel, Catherine A. Pfister
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Canopy‐forming kelps are foundational species in coastal ecosystems, fixing tremendous amounts of carbon, yet we know little about the ecological and physiological determinants of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release by kelps. We examined DOC release by the bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, in relation to carbon fixation, nutrient uptake, tissue nitrogen content, and light availability. DOC release was approximately 3.5 times greater during the day than at night. During the day, N. luetkeana blades released an average of 16.2% of fixed carbon as DOC. Carbon fixation increased with light availability but DOC release did not, leading to a lower proportion of fixed carbon released as DOC at high light levels. We found no relationship between carbon fixation and DOC release rates measured concurrently. Rather, DOC release by N. luetkeana blades declined with marginal significance as blade tissue nitrogen content increased and with experimental nitrate addition, supporting the role of stoichiometric relationships in DOC release. Using a stable isotope (13C) tracer method, we demonstrated that inorganic carbon is rapidly fixed and released by N. luetkeana blades as 13DOC, within hours. However, recently fixed carbon (13DOC) comprised less than 20% of the total DOC released, indicating that isotope studies that rely on tracer production alone may underestimate total DOC release, as it is decoupled from recent kelp productivity. Comparing carbon and nitrogen assimilation dynamics of the annual kelp N. luetkeana with the perennial kelp Macrocystis pyrifera revealed that N. luetkeana had significantly higher carbon fixation, DOC production and nitrogen uptake rates per unit dry mass. Both kelp species were able to perform light‐independent carbon fixation at night. Carbon fixation by the annual kelp N. luetkeana is as high as 2.35 kg C m‐2 yr‐1, but an average of 16% of this carbon (376 g C m‐2 yr‐1) is released as DOC. As kelp forests are increasingly viewed as vehicles for carbon sequestration, it is important to consider the fate of this substantial quantity of DOC released by canopy‐forming kelps.
文章二維碼:11. 題目: Characterization of graphene/pine wood biochar hybrids: Potential to remove aqueous Cu2+文章編號: N20101501
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Hasara Samaraweera, Charles U. Pittman, Rooban Venkatesh K G Thirumalai, El Barbary Hassan, Felio Perez, Todd Mlsna
更新時間: 2020-10-15
摘要: Biochar-based hybrid composites containing added nano-sized phases are emerging adsorbents. Biochar, when functionalized with nanomaterials, can enhance pollutant removal when both the nanophase and the biochar surface act as adsorbents. Three different pine wood wastes (particle size < 0.5 mm, 10 g) were preblended with 1 wt% of three different graphenes in aqueous suspensions, designated as G1, G2, and G3. G1 (SBET, 8.1 m2/g) was prepared by sonicating graphite made from commercial synthetic graphite powder (particle size 7–11 μm). G2 (312.0 m2/g) and G3 (712.0 m2/g) were purchased commercial graphene nanoplatelets (100 mg in 100 mL deionized water). These three pine wood-graphene mixtures were pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 1 h to generate three graphene-biochar adsorbents, GPBC-1, GPBC-2, and GPBC-3 containing 4.4, 4.9, and 5.0 wt% of G1, G2, and G3 respectively. Aqueous Cu2+ adsorption capacities were 10.6 mg/g (GPBC-1), 4.7 mg/g (GPBC-2), and 5.5 mg/g (GPBC-3) versus 7.2 mg/g for raw pine wood biochar (PBC) (0.05 g adsorbent dose, Cu2+ 75 mg/L, 25 mL, pH 6, 24 h, 25 ± 0.5 °C). Increased graphene surface areas did not result in adsorption increases. GPBC-1, containing the lowest nanophase surface area with the highest Cu2+ capacity, was chosen to evaluate its Cu2+ adsorption characteristics further. Results from XPS showed that the surface concentration of oxygenated functional groups on the GPBC-1 is greater than that on the PBC, possibly contributing to its greater Cu2+ removal versus PBC. GPBC-1 and PBC uptake of Cu2+ followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities and BET surface areas were 18.4 mg/g, 484.0 m2/g (GPBC-1) and 9.2 mg/g, 378.0 m2/g (PBC). This corresponds to 3.8 × 10−2 versus 2.4 × 10−2 mg/m2 of Cu2+ removed on GPBC-1 (58% more Cu2+ per m2) versus PBC. Cu2+ adsorption on both these adsorbents was spontaneous and endothermic.
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