20年1月27日文獻情報
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本次文獻簡報涉及無機添加劑影響堆肥有機質特徵和組成變化[1]，生物炭負載氧化錳吸附Cd和Pb[2]，有機-礦物複合體保護凝聚態有機質[3]，沉積物-水系統中肉芽孢桿菌分解釋放有機質[4]，生物炭改善酸性土壤性質[5]，木質素對超濾膜汙染的影響[6]。
1. 題目: Influence of inorganic additives on wheat straw composting: Characterization and structural composition of organic matter derived from the process文章編號: N20012706
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Jorge Medina, Carlos M. Monreal, Mónica Antilén, Marcela Calabi-Floody, Marta Velasco-Molina, Sebastián Meier, Fernando Borie, Pablo Cornejo, Heike Knicker
更新時間: 2020-01-27
圖文摘要:
摘要: Metallic oxides and clay minerals have gained increasing interest as additives of composting due to their influence in greenhouse gas emissions reduction and their effectivity in the stabilization of carbon both in compost and soils, leading to a cleaner compost production and potentially C sequestrant amendments. In this study, wheat straw (WS) was co-composted with iron oxide and allophanic soil and their influence on WS composting and composition of the end-products was evaluated. WS compost and their humic like-substances (HS) fraction were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic analyzes. After 126 days of process, the elemental composition showed slight differences of the N content for compost and HS, where the C/N atomic ratio tended to decrease relative to the initial material (WS; ~130). This trend was more pronounced in the HS from co-composted treatments (<30). The addition of inorganic materials increased the total acidity and phenolic-OH group contents (~15 and 14 mEq g−1 respectively, iron oxide treatment) relative to the treatment without inorganic additives. Nevertheless, the FTIR and solid-state 13CNMR spectroscopy barely support the wet chemical analysis and revealed a similar final composition between all the studied compost treatments. These results suggest that the incorporation of these materials as compost additives had no major effect on the spectroscopic features of the end-products, however, critical changes of the properties such as the extractability, functionality and composition of HS were revealed by traditional methods. In conclusion, the supply of metal oxides and clays could impact the aerobic composting of WS favorizing the stabilization of certain C pools and adsorptive properties of the end-products, that is of importance in production of amendments suitable for being used in degraded and contaminated soils. Nevertheless, under the experimental conditions of our research C stabilization apparently depends of other mechanisms that still need to be elucidate.
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2. 題目: Ultrafast sequestration of cadmium and lead from water by manganese oxide supported on a macro-mesoporous biochar文章編號: N20012705
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Shunli Wan, Lian Qiu, Gui Tang, Weiyang Chen, Yan Li, Bin Gao, Feng He
更新時間: 2020-01-27
圖文摘要:
摘要: Porous carrier supported metal oxide composites possess significant potential for sequestration of heavy metals from various waters. However, slow diffusion of targeted metal ions within the micropores of the porous carriers is a key technical barrier limiting practical application of these hybrid adsorbents, particularly in high flow systems. In this study, we first synthesized a biochar with enlarged pore channel (namely K-BC) by adding KHCO3 during the biochar pyrolysis process and then employed the K-BC as a supporter to fabricate a new manganese oxide-based composite (namely HMO-K-BC). It is striking that the effective intra-particle diffusion coefficient D of Pb(II) inside the K-BC is comparable to that in aqueous solution (1.5 × 10−6 v.s. 2.1 × 10−6 cm2 s−1). Although the D value of Pb(II) inside the HMO-K-BC was reduced to 1.8 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, it is still 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon, ion exchanger and biochar. As a result, the HMO-K-BC can rapidly sequestrate Pb(II) and Cd(II) within 7.5 min. The HMO-K-BC can also selectively remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the presence of high level Ca(II) and humic acid. Column tests further showed that HMO-K-BC was able to effectively treat simulated and real Pb(II)- and Cd(II)-polluted wastewater in a high-flow system with superficial liquid velocity of 0.53 m h−1 (20 BV h−1). All the results manifest that expanding pores of biochar is a promising measure for promoting the practical application of biochar supported composites in wastewater treatment.
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3. 題目: Organo-mineral complexes protect condensed organic matter as revealed by benzene-polycarboxylic acids文章編號: N20012704
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Zhaofeng Chang, Luping Tian, Fangfang Li, Min Wu, Christian E.W. Steinberg, Bo Pan, Baoshan Xing
更新時間: 2020-01-27
圖文摘要:
摘要: Condensed organic matters (COM) with black carbon-like structures are considered as long-term carbon sinks because of their high stability. It is difficult to distinguish COM from general organic matter by conventional chemical analysis, thus the contribution by and interaction mechanisms of organo-mineral complexes in COM stabilization are unclear and generally neglected. Molecular markers related to black carbon-like structures, such as benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs), are promising tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of COM. In this study, one natural soil and two cultivated soils with 25 y- or 55 y-tillage activities were collected and the distribution characteristics of BPCAs were detected. All the investigated soils showed similar BPCA distribution pattern, and over 60% of BPCAs were detected in clay fraction. The extractable BPCA contents were substantially increased after mineral removal. The ratios of BPCA contents before and after mineral removal indicate the extent of COM-mineral particle interactions, and our results suggested that up to 73% COM were protected by mineral particles, and more stronger interactions were noted on clay than on silt. The initial cultivation dramatically decreased COM-clay interactions, and this interaction was recovered only slowly after 55-y cultivation. Kaolinite and muscovite are important for COM protection. But a possible negative correlation between BPCAs and reactive iron oxides of the cultivated soils suggested that iron may promote COM degradation when disturbed by tillage activities. This study provided a new angle to study the stabilization of COM and emphasized the importance of organo-mineral complexes for COM stabilization.
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4. 題目: Nutrients release and greenhouse gas emission during decomposition of Myriophyllum aquaticum in a sediment-water system文章編號: N20012703
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Pei Luo, Xiong Tong, Feng Liu, Min Huang, Juan Xu, Runlin Xiao, Jinshui Wu
更新時間: 2020-01-27
圖文摘要:
摘要: Aquatic macrophytes play a significant role in nutrients removal in constructed wetlands, yet nutrients could be re-released due to plant debris decomposition. In this study, Myriophyllum aquaticum was used as a model plant debris and three debris biomass levels of 3 g, 9 g dry biomass, and 20 g fresh biomass (D3, D9, and F20, respectively) were used to simulate 120-d plant debris decomposition in a sediment-water system. The biomass first-order decomposition rate constants of D3, D9, and F20 treatments were 0.0058, 0.0117, and 0.0201 d−1, respectively with no significant difference of decomposition rate among three mass groups (p > 0.05). Plant debris decomposition decreased nitrate and total nitrogen concentrations but increased ammonium, organic nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in overlying water. The parallel factor analysis confirms that three components of DOC in overlying water changed over decomposition time. Emission fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide in the plant debris treatments were several to thousands of times higher than the control group within the initial 0–45 d, which was mainly attributed to DOC released from the plant debris. Plant debris decomposition can affect the gas emission fluxes for relatively shorter time (30–60 d) than water quality (>120 d). The 16S rRNA, nirK, nirS and hazA gene abundance increased in the early stage for plant debris treatments, and then decreased to the end of 120-d incubation time while ammonia monooxygenase α-subunit A gene abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria had no large variations during the entire decay time compared with no plant debris treatment. The results demonstrate that decomposition of M. aquaticum debris could affect greenhouse gas emission fluxes and microbial gene abundance in the sediment-water system besides overlying water quality.
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5. 題目: Biochar is superior to lime in improving acidic soil properties and fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin文章編號: N20012702
期刊: Science of The Total Environment
作者: Songwei Wu, Ying Zhang, Qiling Tan, Xuecheng Sun, Wenhua Wei, Chengxiao Hu
更新時間: 2020-01-27
圖文摘要:
摘要: A better understanding is required for using biochar as an alternative option to lime materials for sustainable amelioration of soil acidity and improvement of fruit quality in acidic soils. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of biochar (three different dosages of biochar, 1%, 2% and 4%, were denoted by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3, respectively) and lime (three different dosages of lime, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g kg−1, were denoted by L-1, L-2 and L-3, respectively) on soil properties and fruit acidity of Satsuma mandarin. The decreased rates of fruit titratable acid (TA) by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3 were 16.18%, 25.00% and 14.71%, which were higher than those by L-1, L-2 and L-3 were 11.76%, 16.18% and 5.88%. Moreover, the increased rates of fruit total soluble solid (TSS)/TA were 14.94%, 31.73%, 28.04% by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3, but were 11.42%, 21.77%, 10.15% by L-1, L-2 and L-3, suggesting that biochar had better effects on improving fruit quality. Acidic soil properties were improved by biochar and lime, but biochar had better amelioration effects, as evidenced by soil-treated with BC-2 and BC-3 had greater increases of soil pH, soil respiration (SR) and microbial metabolic quotient, activities of soil urease (SU), invertase (SI), catalase (CAT) and cellulose (SC), and concentrations of soil phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). Principal component analysis showed that soil pH, SR, SU, SI and CAT were main contributors to the differences of improvement effects of biochar and lime. Correlation analysis showed that fruit TA had negative relationships with soil pH, SU, SI, CAT, SC and soil P, K, Mg. This study indicates that the better effects of biochar on improving fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin were associated with the greater effects of it on improving acidic soil properties.
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6. 題目: Influence of laccase treatment on fouling layer formation in ultrafiltration of birch hot-water extract文章編號: N20012701
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Tiina Virtanen, Jussi Lahti, Anna Kalliola, Tarja Tamminen, Mika Mänttäri, Mari Kallioinen
更新時間: 2020-01-27
圖文摘要:
摘要: Fouling problems caused by lignin have been limiting the use of membranes in the recovery of value-added materials from biorefinery streams. Fortunately, laccase-based catalytic pretreatments enable modification of lignin to the less fouling form. Because the mechanisms behind the fouling caused by ligneous compounds in wood-based streams are still not deeply understood, the aim of this study was to find out how laccase oxidation affects membrane fouling caused by pressurized hot-water extract. The effect of laccase on the fouling tendency of birch extract was explored both with adsorptive and pressure-driven experiments. The results suggested that laccase treatment increased the molar mass of lignin and improved significantly filtration capacity of commercial polyethersulphone membrane, possibly due to formation of less dense foulant layer during the filtration. Based on FTIR and BET results laccase oxidation decreased both adsorptive and pressure-driven fouling caused by lignin. However, decreases in pure water permeabilities were higher for the samples that were fouled with laccase treated extract. This may have originated from the transformation in the fouling mechanism from the pore narrowing to the pore blocking and could be prevented by the selection of a membrane with a different pore size.
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