Zucchini共有基序決定pre-piRNA產生的機制
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/2/10 9:16:50
日本東京大學Yukihide Tomari研究組發現,Zucchini共有基序決定pre-piRNA產生的機制。該項研究成果於2020年1月29日在線發表在《自然》雜誌上。
研究人員表示,長度約為24至31個核苷酸的PIWI相互作用RNA(piRNA)引導PIWI蛋白沉默動物性腺中的轉座子,從而確保生育能力。在piRNA的產生過程中,首先PIWI蛋白將與稱為pre-pre-piRNA的5'-單磷酸化RNA片段進行裝載,然後將其進行內切核酸酶切割以產生pre-piRNA。隨後,通過外切酶Trimmer(在小鼠中稱為PNLDC1)修剪並被甲基轉移酶Hen1(在小鼠中稱為HENMT1)對pre-piRNA的3'-末端進行2'-O-甲基化,從而產生成熟的piRNA。核酸內切酶Zucchini(在小鼠中稱為MitoPLD)被認為是催化pre-pre-piRNA剪切為pre-piRNA 的主要酶。但是,尚缺乏該模型的直接證據,並且尚不清楚如何產生pre-piRNA。
為了分析pre-piRNA的產生,研究人員建立了Trimmer敲除的蠶細胞系,並得到了一個無細胞的系統,該系統準確地涵蓋了Zucchini介導PIWI加載的pre-pre-preRNA切割。研究人員發現pre-piRNA是由平行的Zucchini依賴性和非依賴性機制產生的。Zucchini的切割發生在pre-pre-RNA上過去研究中未知的共有基序上,需要RNA解旋酶Armitage,並伴有pre-piRNA的2'-O-甲基化。相比之下,具有弱Zucchini基序的pre-pre-piRNA的切割是通過下遊互補piRNA實現的,從而產生了沒有2'-O-甲基化的pre-piRNA。不論內切酶的機制如何,pre-piRNA都會被Trimmer和Hen1加工成熟。這些發現強調了piRNA前體的多重加工過程,從而能夠支持穩健和靈活的piRNA生成。
附:英文原文
Title: Zucchini consensus motifs determine the mechanism of pre-piRNA production
Author: Natsuko Izumi, Keisuke Shoji, Yutaka Suzuki, Susumu Katsuma, Yukihide Tomari
Issue&Volume: 2020-01-29
Abstract: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) of between approximately 24 and 31 nucleotides in length guide PIWI proteins to silence transposons in animal gonads, thereby ensuring fertility1. In the biogenesis of piRNAs, PIWI proteins are first loaded with 5′-monophosphorylated RNA fragments called pre-pre-piRNAs, which then undergo endonucleolytic cleavage to produce pre-piRNAs1,2. Subsequently, the 3′-ends of pre-piRNAs are trimmed by the exonuclease Trimmer (PNLDC1 in mouse)3,4,5,6 and 2′-O-methylated by the methyltransferase Hen1 (HENMT1 in mouse)7,8,9, generating mature piRNAs. It is assumed that the endonuclease Zucchini (MitoPLD in mouse) is a major enzyme catalysing the cleavage of pre-pre-piRNAs into pre-piRNAs10,11,12,13. However, direct evidence for this model is lacking, and how pre-piRNAs are generated remains unclear. Here, to analyse pre-piRNA production, we established a Trimmer-knockout silkworm cell line and derived a cell-free system that faithfully recapitulates Zucchini-mediated cleavage of PIWI-loaded pre-pre-piRNAs. We found that pre-piRNAs are generated by parallel Zucchini-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cleavage by Zucchini occurs at previously unrecognized consensus motifs on pre-pre-piRNAs, requires the RNA helicase Armitage, and is accompanied by 2′-O-methylation of pre-piRNAs. By contrast, slicing of pre-pre-piRNAs with weak Zucchini motifs is achieved by downstream complementary piRNAs, producing pre-piRNAs without 2′-O-methylation. Regardless of the endonucleolytic mechanism, pre-piRNAs are matured by Trimmer and Hen1. Our findings highlight multiplexed processing of piRNA precursors that supports robust and flexible piRNA biogenesis.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1966-9
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1966-9