下丘腦利用不同的腸-腦途徑感知宏量營養素
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2021/1/15 16:30:51
美國賓夕法尼亞大學Amber L. Alhadeff和J. Nicholas Betley團隊合作發現下丘腦通過多樣腸-腦途徑感知宏量營養素。2021年1月14日,國際學術期刊《細胞-代謝》在線發表了這一成果。
研究人員發現在飢餓小鼠中,刺鼠相關蛋白(AgRP)神經元活性受腸道特定部位不同宏量營養素檢測的抑制。研究發現迷走腸-腦信號傳導是脂肪抑制AgRP神經元所必需的。相比之下,脊髓腸-腦信號傳遞了腸道葡萄糖存在的信號。此外,研究人員在腸道和肝門靜脈中發現了介導葡萄糖依賴性AgRP神經元抑制的葡萄糖傳感器。因此,某些宏量營養素會激活不同的途徑來抑制AgRP神經元的活性。
據悉,複雜而協調的腸-腦相互作用嚴格控制食物的攝入量。營養物質迅速調控下丘腦神經元的關鍵細胞活動,這些細胞調節食物的攝入,包括表達飢餓敏感AgRP神經元。因為某些宏量營養素會通過腸道中特定的受體與大腦進行交流,所以研究人員認為宏量營養素可能利用不同的途徑來降低AgRP神經元的活性。
附:英文原文
Title: Hypothalamic detection of macronutrients via multiple gut-brain pathways
Author: Nitsan Goldstein, Aaron D. McKnight, Jamie R.E. Carty, Myrtha Arnold, J. Nicholas Betley, Amber L. Alhadeff
Issue&Volume: 2021-01-14
Abstract: Food intake is tightly regulated by complex and coordinated gut-brain interactions.Nutrients rapidly modulate activity in key populations of hypothalamic neurons thatregulate food intake, including hunger-sensitive agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressingneurons. Because individual macronutrients engage specific receptors in the gut tocommunicate with the brain, we reasoned that macronutrients may utilize differentpathways to reduce activity in AgRP neurons. Here, we revealed that AgRP neuron activityin hungry mice is inhibited by site-specific intestinal detection of different macronutrients.We showed that vagal gut-brain signaling is required for AgRP neuron inhibition byfat. In contrast, spinal gut-brain signaling relays the presence of intestinal glucose.Further, we identified glucose sensors in the intestine and hepatic portal vein thatmediate glucose-dependent AgRP neuron inhibition. Therefore, distinct pathways areactivated by individual macronutrients to inhibit AgRP neuron activity.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.018
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30716-6