八大行星(距離太陽由近到遠):
水星(Mercury)
金星(Venus)
地球(Earth)
火星(Mars)
木星(Jupiter)
土星(Saturn)
天王星(Uranus)
海王星(Neptune)
這!幾!個!詞!必!須!要!背!
註:圖片中行星大小不符合真實比例
水星、金星、地球、火星統稱為類地行星(terrestrial planets)。
木星、土星、天王星、海王星統稱為類木行星(Jovian planets)。
比如【TPO 16】中有一篇講的就是類地行星和類木行星的區別(主要區別就是Size):
The planets in our solar system fall into two groups: the terrestrial (Earth-like) planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). The most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets is their size. The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune, and its mass is only one seventeenth as great. Hence, the Jovian planets are often called giants. Also, because of their relative locations, the four Jovian planets are known as the outer planets, while the terrestrial planets are known as the inner planets. There appears to be a correlation between the positions of these planets and their sizes. Other dimensions along which the two groups differ markedly are density and composition.每個行星都有自己的特徵,比較常考的是金星(Venus)和火星(Mars)。
小行星帶(asteroid belt)則是在火星和木星之間,分割內外太陽系的小行星組成的小行星群,平行於行星運行軌道。
而地球的運動方式(motions of the Earth)分為:
地球公轉 Earth revolution
地球自轉 Earth rotation
注意區分清楚哦!
星座中常考的是北鬥七星(big dipper),如湯勺的形狀,北鬥星在不同的季節和夜晚不同的時間,出現於天空不同的方位,所以古人根據鬥柄所指的方向來決定季節。
北極星 (Polaris/North Star)是天空北部的一顆亮星,從地球北半球上看,它的位置幾乎不變,可以靠它來辨別方向。也可以用來為航海(voyage)指明方向(navigation/orientation)。