原標題:PNAS | 山東農業大學發表文章揭示助細胞液泡酸化調控植物生殖的過程
5月30號,PNAS在線發表山東農業大學張彥教授帶研究團隊題為 「AP1G mediates vacuolar acidification duringsynergid-controlled pollen tube reception 」 的研究文章。揭示了助細胞液泡酸化調控植物育性的分子機理。該成果為深入理解植物有性生殖過程提供了重要理論基礎。
Fig. 5.Pollen tube reception is compromised in the mutant of VHA-A.
被子植物雙受精是指雄配子體花粉管將所攜帶的兩個精細胞輸送到胚囊中,分別與卵細胞和中央細胞融合,產生胚和胚乳,形成種子的過程。雙受精是種子和果實產量的基礎、是植物繁衍的關鍵。被子植物的雙受精過程依賴於配子體細胞的死亡:胚囊中兩個助細胞死亡造成適宜受精的微環境,同時花粉管爆裂從而釋放精細胞。這一過程被稱為花粉管接納。前期研究表明部分受體蛋白調控這一過程,但尚不清楚哪些細胞活動參與其中。
通過反向遺傳學、細胞學、分子生物學等手段,張彥研究團隊揭示了銜接蛋白複合體1G亞基(AP1G)通過調節助細胞液泡酸度,參與助細胞的死亡過程,從而介導花粉管接納這一信號途徑。AP1G在植物內膜系統中負責膜蛋白的亞細胞分揀。其功能喪失嚴重幹擾了雌雄配子體的育性。研究表明AP1G參與助細胞在感受花粉管後的死亡過程,突變體因而不能使花粉管爆裂釋放精細胞,無法完成雙受精。進一步的遺傳學分析表明AP1G通過調控助細胞內質子泵的活性,改變助細胞液泡的酸度,從而影響花粉管接納。
該項研究通過揭示調控花粉管接納的關鍵胞內信號途徑,完善了對植物有性生殖過程的理解,還表明液泡酸度對於細胞死亡過程的關鍵作用,為解析植物特異性的細胞死亡過程提供了重要信息。
張彥實驗室博士生王家剛和碩士生馮衝為該論文的共同第一作者,張彥教授為該論文的通訊作者。碩士生劉海虹,博士生馮強楠和李廈副教授也參與了課題的研究。此項工作受到國家重大科學研究計劃,自然科學基金面上項目,山東省自然科學傑出青年項目等經費的資助。
Double fertilization in angiosperms requires the delivery of immotile sperm through pollen tubes, which enter embryo sacs to initiate synergid degeneration and to discharge. This fascinating process, called pollen tube reception, involves extensive communications between pollen tubes and synergids, within which few intracellular regulators involved have been revealed. Here, we report that vacuolar acidification in synergids mediated by AP1G and V-ATPases might be critical for pollen tube reception. Functional loss of AP1G or VHA-A, encoding the γ subunit of adaptor protein 1 or the shared component of two endomembrane V-ATPases, respectively, impaired synergid-controlled pollen tube reception and caused partial female sterility. AP1G works in parallel to the plasma membrane-associated receptor FERONIA in synergids, suggesting that synergid-mediated pollen tube reception requires proper sorting of vacuolar cargos by AP1G. Although AP1G did not mediate the targeting of V-ATPases, AP1G loss of function or the expression of AP1G-RNAi compromised vacuolar acidification mediated by V-ATPases, implying their genetic interaction. We propose that vacuolar acidification might represent a distinct cell-death mechanism specifically adopted by the plant phylum, which is critical for synergid degeneration during pollen tube reception.
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