1. By Rafi Mahandaru 212 CHARCOT FOOT
2. By Rafi Mahandaru 212 CHARCOT FOOT
3. Jean-Marie Charcot • 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893 • The father of neurology • Charcot triad-1 MS • Charcot triad-2 AC • Charcot joint, known as Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA)/charcot osteoarthropathy (COA) / charcot foot/ neuropathic joint
4. DEFINITION
5. Charcot foot Charcot foot can be defined as a relatively painless, progressive and degenerative arthropathy of single or multiple joints caused by an underlying neurological deficit. It was a limbthreatening condition, wich can lead to amputation
6. ETIOLOGY
7. Firstly describes 1868 Tabes Dorsalis late manifestation of shypilis Bilateral degeneration of axons in BOTH dorsal columns • Pain, parestethic, sensory loss • Muscle stretch reflex also messed up because the sensory input to those reflexes have been lesioned • usually occurs at lumbar levels
8. Recent common cause • Complication of diabetes melitus • is estimated to affect between 1-2.5% of people with diabetes (2003) • It is estimated to affect 0.8%-8% of diabetic populations (2011) •At least 10 years suffer
9. Another rare cause
10. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11. French Theory • Charcot 1868 neurovascular theory • 「…the arthropathy of ataxic patients seems to always start after the sclerotic changes have taken place in the spinal cord.」 • Spinal cord lesion autonomic neuropathy arterious venous shunting increase blood flow increase osteoclast activity bone resorption and mechanical weakening fractures and deformity • Increase blood flow warmth foot and dilated veins
12. German theory (1946) • Volkman and Virchow neurotraumatic theory • 「 peripheral neuropathy leading to loss of protective sensation may render the foot susceptible to injury from either repeated or acute trauma 「 • Insensitive joint • Allow mechanical trauma normaly prevented by pain • Spontaneous fracture, subluxation and dislocation
13. Other Contributed Factor • Bone pathology • Atypical neuropathy • Non-enzymatic collagen glycation • Increased plantar pressures • Excessive local inflammation
14. Acute Charcot Foot
15. Acute Charcot Foot • H : Hminor trauma • L : Swollen, erythem, deform • F : Warmth – hot • M : Crepitation • Discomfort considerably less than might be expected from the pathology seen
16. Chronic Charcot foot
17. Chronic Charcot foot • L : pemanent deform, no erythem, reducing swollen • F : warmth or hot temp., subside • M : no crepitation, gait tabes dorsalis, • Sometimes with unoticed ulcer
18. Clinical Course • People risk for Charcot foot stage 0 • Acute Charcot foot stage I Dev-fragmentation – Swollen, hyperemia, bone fragmentation, join dislocation and destruction – Radiological still looks normal, bone debris, joint subluxation and dislocation subsequently develop • Chronic Charcot foot stage II coalescence – Decreasing erythem, hot, swelling – X-Ray :absorption of fine debris,formation of new bone, coalescence of larger fragments and sclerosis of bone ends – Decrease joint mobility
19. Clinical Course • Stage III reconstruction - consolidation – edema, erythema and warmth are not present, – unless fractures have not healed – Ulcers may develop at – sites of residual deformity, while X-rays reveal bony remodeling, – rounding of bone ends and decreased sclerosis
20. Diagnose
21. Clinically • Have been describe above • Investigation should be make on early stage and to differentiate between another disease like Osteomyelitis, Gout, Arthritis – History – Predisposising factor – Physical Examination – Complication
22. X - Ray • Atrophic changes : 「pencil pointing or sucked candy 「
23. X-Ray • Hypertropic changes : – Bone proliferation – Bone destruction – Subcondral sclerosis and – Osteophtes may be seen
24. Treatment
25. Conservative Immobilization and off loading • Reducing swelling and mechanical stress elevation, bed rest, whell chair • TCC Total Contact Cast
26. Conservative • Biphosphonat inhibit Osteoclastic activity – N-Containing • Sodium alendronat (fosamax) • Riserdonat (actonel) – Non N-Containing • Etidronat (didronel) • Tiludronic (skelid) INTRANASAL CALCITONIN
27. Surgery • Acute Charcot Foot Contraindicated • Chronic Ulcerated and fixed deformity indication of surgery remove bony prominent and correct the deformity – Exostectomy – Arthrodesis – Tendon Lengthening
28. THANX … !
FROM:https://www.slideshare.net/rafimahandaru/charcot-foot
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