全球植物-食果動物網絡正在加速均質化
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/4 16:06:19
美國馬裡蘭大學Evan C. Fricke等研究人員發現全球植物-食果動物網絡正在加速均質化。相關論文於2020年9月2日在線發表在《自然》雜誌上。
研究人員表示,人類對物種的引入導致不同生物地理屏??障的物種組成均質化。外來物種的生態和進化後果源於它們對物種相互作用網絡的影響,但人們對外來物種對全球生態網絡及其生物地理格局的影響缺乏定量了解。
研究人員通過分析來自410個本地網絡的互利種子擴散相互影響來解決了這一數據差距,其中包括1,631種動物和3,208種植物之間的24,455個獨特的成對相互作用。研究人員表明,物種引進減少了全球元網絡的生物地理區劃,其中節點是物種,連結是在任何本地網絡中觀察到的相互作用。這種均質化效果擴展到整個空間尺度,從而降低了本地網絡之間的β多樣性以及網絡內部的模塊化。引入的交互作用與人類環境的改變直接相關,並且正在加速發展,在過去的75年中增長了七倍。
這些動力學改變了共生生物所經歷的共同進化環境,並且研究人員發現引入物種與其他引入物種不成比例地相互作用。這些過程可能會放大未來生態系統中的生物同質化,並可能通過允許擾動更快地傳播並使不同的生態系統暴露於相似的驅動因素而降低生態系統的彈性。這些結果強調了管理日益均質化生態複雜性的重要性。
附:英文原文
Title: Accelerating homogenization of the global plant–frugivore meta-network
Author: Evan C. Fricke, Jens-Christian Svenning
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-02
Abstract: Introductions of species by humans are causing the homogenization of species composition across biogeographic barriers1,2,3. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of introduced species derive from their effects on networks of species interactions4,5, but we lack a quantitative understanding of the impacts of introduced species on ecological networks and their biogeographic patterns globally. Here we address this data gap by analysing mutualistic seed-dispersal interactions from 410 local networks, encompassing 24,455 unique pairwise interactions between 1,631 animal and 3,208 plant species. We show that species introductions reduce biogeographic compartmentalization of the global meta-network, in which nodes are species and links are interactions observed within any local network. This homogenizing effect extends across spatial scales, decreasing beta diversity among local networks and modularity within networks. The prevalence of introduced interactions is directly related to human environmental modifications and is accelerating, having increased sevenfold over the past 75 years. These dynamics alter the coevolutionary environments that mutualists experience6, and we find that introduced species disproportionately interact with other introduced species. These processes are likely to amplify biotic homogenization in future ecosystems7 and may reduce the resilience of ecosystems by allowing perturbations to propagate more quickly and exposing disparate ecosystems to similar drivers. Our results highlight the importance of managing the increasing homogenization of ecological complexity.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2640-y
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2640-y