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六級閱讀仔細閱讀 artificial intelligence
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence will be 「either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity」, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as 「crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species」.
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. 「We spend a great deal of time studying history,」 Hawking said, 「which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.」
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. 「The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,」 he said. 「We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one – industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.」
Huw Price, the center’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the center came about partially as a result of the university’s Center for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. 「AI is hugely exciting,」 she said, 「but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.」
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
D) It would be a significant expression of human intelligence.
47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?
A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?
A) They are much influential by the academic community.
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.
【答案】B C A D C
【解析】
46. 根據關鍵詞Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence定位到第一段第一句：Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence will be 「either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity」,.史蒂芬·霍金教授警告稱，創造強大的人工智慧將是人類歷史上發生的最好或最壞的事情，根據「best」及「worst」的同義替換「blessing」及「disaster」，對應B選項
47. 根據關鍵詞Hawking, the creation of the LCFI，定位到第一段第一句，「the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as 「crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species」」，其中「mankind」對應「our civilisation and our species」，「future」對應「destiny」，「crucial」對應「extremely important」，對應C選項。
48. 根據關鍵詞Hawking, a welcome change in AI research，定位到第二段So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.」所以人們正在研究的是未來的智能，這是可喜的變化。其中「instead」對應「The shift」，「studying instead the future of intelligence」對應「from the past to the future」，對應A選項。
49. 根據關鍵詞Hawking, concerns, AI，定位到第三段。raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own.如果人類創造出一種具有自身意志的超級智能，人類就可能成為自身毀滅的建築師。其中，「super-intelligence」對應「super-intelligence」，「its own destruction」對應「ruin mankind」，對應D選項。
50. 根據關鍵詞entrepreneurs from the technology industry，定位到最後一段：A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.超級智能人工智慧可能對人類造成損害的擔憂。所以是和前面的學者觀點是一致的。其中「same concerns」對應「also expressed their concerns」，「about AI」對應「about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity」，對應C選項。
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