義烏蒙特梭利早教中心 / 安道設計

2019年秋季，擅長為城市和鄉村更新注入無限創意的ZAN工作室，再次悄然完成了一處改造實踐：將浙江義烏某個廢棄的茶室和庭院，轉變為全新的兒童早教設施，滿足0歲到6歲年齡段孩子的使用，彌補城市區域的兒童學習設施不足。這是一次困難的工作歷程，成本之低、空間之侷促、場地的封閉、配套設施的不足……這些來自先天的不足，都暗示著把這個項目做成具有示範意義的作品是一項巨大的挑戰。ZAN工作室沒有保守地採用簡易、經濟的實施策略，而是將計就計，用創新的手法完成任務，也唯有如此，方可出現如今這個趣味橫生的兒童空間。

幼兒園的山牆上赫然寫著三個關鍵詞：獨立（independent），勇敢（brave），自由（free）。這些詞似乎多麼熟悉，也似乎多麼陌生，令人陷入深思。在我們的童年記憶中，集體主義、安全防護、遵從規則，這些「正確的」教導伴隨了一代人的童年，也在某種程度上限制著有關創意的萌生。於是，這次改造所隱藏其中的一個目的，就是激發原本埋藏在孩童們潛意識裡的天性：自我發現、冒險精神、無拘無束。21世紀兒童教育的話語轉機，在這個空間裡被悄然訴說，娓娓道來。

▼獨立、勇敢、自由，成為幼兒園的最新標籤，there are three big key words on the gable wall in the kindergarten, which are 「independent」, 「brave」 and 「free」 日野攝影

There are three big key words on the gable wall in the kindergarten, which are 「independent」, 「brave」 and 「free」. These words are so familiar to us but are so unfamiliar at the same time, which make people lost in deep thought. In our childhood memory, the collectivism, safety protection and compliance with rules, these 「correct」 instructions have been along with a generation’s childhood, but in a way, they also limit the growth of creativity. Therefore, this transformation has a hidden purpose, which is to wake up the children’s nature that is buried in the subconscious, to discover themselves, to have the spirit of adventure and to be unfettered. The turnaround of children education in the 21st century is told quietly in this space.

In the autumn of 2019, ZAN Studio, which is good at inserting infinite originality into the renewal of cities and villages, has finished a renewal practice quietly. They changed an abandoned tea house and a courtyard in Yiwu into a brand new early childhood facility, which can satisfy the children’s use from zero to 6 years old, and make up the lack of learning facilities for children in urban area. It is a difficult working process. The low cost, the narrow space, the closed area, the lack of supporting facilities and those existing shortages all imply that it is a great challenge to make this project into a work which has typical demonstration significance. ZAN Studio didn’t choose a simple and economical implementation strategy conservatively but use an innovative way to finish the task. Only in this way, we could see this interesting space now.

▼激發原本埋藏在孩童們潛意識裡的天性：自我發現、冒險精神、無拘無束，wake up the children’s nature that is buried in the subconscious, to discover themselves, to have the spirit of adventure and to be unfettered 日野攝影

最初的場地由兩棟危房和幾片空地湊成，多年以前是作為茶室使用。兩棟建築之間的中庭空間狹小、砂石散亂，牆角的泥濘和青苔相浸。兩棟舊房之間的空間並不大，而戶外空間與中庭相互隔斷，沒有一個地方能夠充分滿足孩子的追逐嬉戲。即使把現有的室外場地全部使用，似乎也不盡興。茶室意味著某種退休之後的閒暇休憩的靜態空間；而幼兒園，則暗示著不斷生長的動態環境。在這個矛盾的前提下，ZAN工作室的建築師重新梳理了空間的路徑，並充分考慮了兒童身體的感知體驗：在中庭空間設計了一個開放階梯，連接起一層開放的綠地空間和二層的環形平臺。而在中庭和外部空地之間，一道彩虹門打通內外的活動空間。

▼改造前的室外庭院，the courtyard before renovation Antao

The original place is formed by two dangerous buildings and some pieces of areas. It was used as the tea house many years ago. Between two buildings, there is a narrow and small atrium with scattered stones and sand. The mud in the corner is wet with the moss. The atrium between two old buildings is not big and the outside space and atrium space are separated by the buildings. There isn’t a place with enough space for children to play, even with all available outside space. The tea house means a static space for relaxing when you are retired, but the kindergarten implies a dynamic environment for growing continually. Basing on the premise of this contradiction, the architects in ZAN Studio comb the space paths again and put the perception and experience of children’s body into full consideration. They design an open stair in the atrium to connect the open green space of the first floor and the circular platform of the second floor. What’s more, there is a rainbow door between atrium space and outside open space, to open up the activity space of inside and outside.

▼二層平臺創造出不同標高的活力室外場地，the circular platform of the second floor 日野攝影

▼延展的格柵保障了兒童的安全性，也增加了空間的秩序感，the handrail increases the sense of order 日野攝影

▼環廊之間的空間形成一條具有序列感的中心軸線，an open stair in the atrium to connect the open green space of the first floor and the circular platform of the second floor 日野攝影

▼二層平臺促生了內外滲透的遊戲空間，the platform open up the activity space of inside and outside 日野攝影

▼彩虹步道，a rainbow track 日野攝影

▼柔軟的空間細節，seating details 日野攝影

這是一個意義深遠的設計策略，它直面了場地有限的開放空間和兒童遊戲的天性之間的矛盾。恰如在城市中，要想讓大多數居民舒適並且擁有足夠的空間，「高密度」是唯一的選擇。這處幼兒園的設計，也創造出兩個不同標高的遊戲場地，在極其限制的空間局面內，形成了「一層內外庭院+二層開放迴路」的複雜格局。多層次、多迴路的空間增加了基於兒童行為學特徵的探索體驗。孩子們嬉戲追逐、歡樂探險，用稚嫩的腳步丈量童年的歡樂時光，在遊戲中完成著自己的社會化人格。這些行為本身既是遊戲，也是學習，不能用簡單的、規則化的空間去草率應對。

在我國現行的建築體制內，幼兒園是規範最嚴格的類型之一，但是在功能、日照、消防等角度給出量化要求的同時，卻罕見對真正影響童年生活的天性釋放給予充分的考慮。均質的教育模式帶來的空間運營雷同和單一，使得過去幾十年中的中國童年提早進入效率化和標準化的系統，這樣的「普適性」，潛在地制約了中國社會創意文化的發展。如今，我們回到源頭上來思考這個問題：建築師的存在，代表著另一種生機勃勃的力量，去嘗試在規則和自由的邊界上不斷前行。正如主持建築師朱曉飛所言：「低成本、小空間，還有場地封閉…..都成為改造的難點，但是那一抹斑駁樹蔭，以及對兒童設施的某種觀念上的轉變，讓我們毅然接下了這個項目。」

▼軸測圖，axon Antao

It is a profound design strategy. It directly faces the contradiction of limited open space and the nature of children to play. Just like in the city, 「high density」 is the only choice for most residents to be relaxed and have enough space. The design of this kindergarten also creates two play areas with different elevations. It forms a complex pattern in the extremely limited space. It is 「the inside and outside courtyard on the first floor」 and 「an open loop on the second floor」. The space with multiple levels and multiple loops creates more exploring experience based on the behavioral characteristics of children. Children play, explore and enjoy the great fun in the childhood. They perfect their social personality during the play. These behaviors themselves are not games but also learning. We cannot deal it with simple and rules-oriented space curtly.

In our current architectural system, the kindergarten is one of the strictest types. However, when it gives out quantitative indexes about functions, sunlight and fire-fighting and so on, it doesn’t take a full consideration on releasing children’s nature, which could really influence the childhood. The homogeneous education pattern brings monotonous space operation. It makes the childhood in China in the last few decades early enter into a system of efficiency and standardization. However, such kind of 「universality」 restricts the development of creative culture in a way. Now, we go back to the origin and rethink about this question. The existence of the architects represents another force with vitality, who try to keep walking on the border of rules and freedom. Just like what the main architect, Xiaofei Zhu, says: 「lost cost, narrow space and closed area and so on are all become the difficulties of the transformation. However, the tree shade in the kindergarten and the change of the opinion on the children facilities make us accept this project firmly.」

▼室外庭院被改造成為遊戲場地，the outdoor courtyard as the new playground 日野攝影

▼建築的外部庭院，the backyard 日野攝影

▼孩子們嬉戲追逐、歡樂探險，children play, explore and enjoy the great fun 日野攝影

▼遊戲場地鳥瞰，the aerial view of the playground 日野攝影

改造後的圍牆立面打破了原來茶室的封閉，增強了園區內外的通透感和連接性，也預示著現代兒童教育的開放性。白色的建築表皮圍合著整個庭院，而彩色的窗飾序列性的點綴其間，建築變成了一個自由而溫暖的「家」，讓孩子在其中奔走不停。在外部的城市界面，原先的白牆黛瓦被保留下來，精心修復，與遊戲場地地面所用藍色弧形色塊分割構成了歷史與未來的某種暗喻。從前期的現場勘探，到方案落地，包含著ZAN建築團隊裡每一個人的辛勤付出。如今，屬於上個世紀的陳舊茶室已剝去了歲月的殘殼，蛻變成一個面向二十一世紀的生機勃勃的早教中心、一個盛放童心童趣的容器。當看見孩子們在彩虹裡縱情奔跑、步履不停之時，關於中國未來的生命力和想像空間，得到了不容置疑的最新詮釋。

The wall’s faade after the transformation breaks the closure of the tea house and increases the sense of permeability and connectivity between the inside and outside, which also indicates the openness of modern children education. The white architectural skin encloses the whole courtyard and the colorful window decorations are dotted about in order. The building becomes a free and warm 「home」 to let children to run and play in it. On the outside surface, the white walls and black tiles are reserved and restored carefully. These and those blue arc color lump used in the play surfaces form a kind of metaphor about the history and the future. From the early site inspection to the later project implementation, everyone in ZAN Studio is very hard-working and devotes themselves to this project. Now, the old tea house in the last century has changed into an active early childhood center towards the 21st century, which is a place to accommodate the childishness and child interest. When we see children keeping running, walking and playing in the 「rainbow」, the new explanation about Chinese future’s vitality and imagination appears.

▼從內部庭院看室內空間，view from the inner courtyard to the classroom 日野攝影

▼改造後的圍牆立面打破了原來茶室的封閉，the wall’s faade after the transformation breaks the closure of the tea house 日野攝影

▼一層平面圖，1F plan Antao

▼二層平面圖，2F plan Antao

項目名稱：義烏蒙特梭利早教中心

設計：安道設計

公司網站：www.antaogroup.com

聯繫郵箱：[e-mail]

項目設計 & 完成年份：2019

項目總監：朱曉飛

主創設計師：朱曉飛

設計團隊：馬晴 劉廣東 吳涵 孫怡瑄

項目地址：浙江省義烏市西城路369號老開關廠內

建築面積：室內1539㎡ 景觀893㎡

客戶：蒙特梭利早教中心

圖片：日野攝影（由事務所提供）

Project name：Montessori Early Childhood Education Center in Yiwu

Design：Antao

Website：www.antaogroup.com

Contact e-mail：[e-mail]

Design year & Completion Year：2019

Leader designer & Team：Xiaofei Zhu/Qing Ma/Guangdong Liu/Yixun Sun

Project location：369 Xicheng Road, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, China

Gross Built Area：Architecture：1539㎡ Landscape：893㎡

Clients：Montessori

Photo：RIYE (Provided by Antao)