尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人Y染色體進化史
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/26 13:56:10
德國馬克斯·普朗克進化人類學研究所Janet Kelso和Martin Petr取得最新進展。他們發現尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人 Y染色體的進化歷史。該成果發表在2020年9月25日出版的《科學》雜誌上。
人們缺乏對丹尼索瓦人和尼安德特人的Y染色體的全面研究,因為大多數已測序到足夠覆蓋的標本是女性。從兩個丹尼索瓦人和三個尼安德特人的Y染色體測序表明,丹尼索瓦人的Y染色體大約在70萬年前從尼安德特人和現代人類Y染色體共有的譜系中分離,後者在大約37萬年前彼此分開。
古代和現代人類Y染色體的系統發生關係不同於從常染色體基因組和鏡像線粒體DNA系統發生推斷的種群關係,這表明在尼安德特人晚期,線粒體和Y染色體基因庫都將被替換。如果尼安德特人的低有效種群數量導致尼安德特人相對於現代人類的遺傳負荷增加,這種替代是合理的。
據悉,古DNA為人類歷史的許多方面提供了新的見解。
附:英文原文
Title:The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes
Author:Martin Petr1,*, View ORCID ProfileMateja Hajdinjak1,2, View ORCID ProfileQiaomei Fu3,4,5, Elena Essel1, View ORCID ProfileHélène Rougier
Issue&Volume:25 Sep 2020
Abstract: Ancient DNA has provided new insights into many aspects of human history. However, we lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because the majority of specimens that have been sequenced to sufficient coverage are female. Sequencing Y chromosomes from two Denisovans and three Neanderthals shows that the Y chromosomes of Denisovans split around 700 thousand years ago from a lineage shared by Neanderthals and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 thousand years ago. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes differ from the population relationships inferred from the autosomal genomes and mirror mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, indicating replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neanderthals. This replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neanderthals resulted in an increased genetic load in Neanderthals relative to modern humans.
DOI:DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6460
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6511/1653
Science:《科學》,創刊於1880年。隸屬於美國科學促進會,最新IF:41.037