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A STUDY conducted by the Thomson Reuters Foundation in 2018 ranked India as the world’s most dangerous country for women.
印度，在2018年「湯姆森路透」基金會進行的一項研究中，被列為對全世界對女性最危險的國家。
Mental and physical abuse, religious and cultural facets such as acid attacks, female infanticide, female genital mutilation, and forced and child marriages were also weighed.
從心理到身體的虐待，再到宗教和文化習俗，像潑酸襲擊、殺害女嬰、女性割禮、被迫結婚乃至童婚，都是印度特色。
The issues examined included sexual violence and trafficking, gender-based social discrimination, lack of access to and control over contraception and childbirth, health care and maternal mortality rates.
該研究同時涵蓋性暴力、倒賣人口、社會性別歧視、非主觀意願的避孕和分娩，以及婦女衛生保健和孕婦死亡率。
Sexual violence against women is an absolute reality in many cultures around the world. In India, however, it is deeply rooted in patriarchal norms and the belief that men are superior to women and that a man should always be a protector of women.
儘管對婦女的性暴力都確實普遍存在於世界各地的文化之中。但在印度這個國家，這種行為模式被深植於所謂的父權規範、男人優越於女人以及女人需要被男人保護的觀念之中。
Rather than being seen as equals or complementary to one another, males and females in India are poles apart in terms of economic, educational and social status and opportunities, and health and well-being.
印度的男女，在經濟、教育、社會地位和就業機會，乃至衛生保健和福利待遇方面都是截然不同，完全不存在平等和互補。
The scourge of sexual violence in India came to international attention with high-profile cases such as a 2012 New Delhi gang rape and murder that occurred on a public bus. Why Men Rape is the result of an in-depth investigation into the reasons for the ever-increasing number of rapes in India.
印度的性暴力事件也普遍得到國際社會的關注，正如發生於2012年轟動一時的新德裡公交車輪姦殺人案。所以到底為什麼印度的性侵案件只增不減，一項新研究旨在解決這一問題。
As a staunch feminist and a childhood rape survivor herself, Tara Kaushal has included men from different social strata, and across class, caste, religion, income and regional divides.
該研究的作者塔拉是一名堅定的女權主義者，同時也是幼年時期的性侵受害者。塔拉從不同的社會階層遴選了研究對象，跨越階層、種姓、宗教、收入以及地域差異。
She also refers to reports by leading researchers in the field, and interviews with rape survivors and experts.
不僅如此，該研究還涵蓋了該領域已有的研究成果，並對性侵受害者以及相關學者進行採訪。
During her interviews, Kaushal found that none of her nine subjects understood the meaning or necessity of consent from a female partner in a sexual relationship or respected them as individuals with their own unique identities.
在這次專訪中，塔拉發現她的9名研究對象，都並不認為與女性發生關係，需要徵求女方的同意，更不認為女性是擁有自主行為能力的獨立個體。
One of them, a serial gang rapist, even refused to accept the idea of rape. Another subject, a doctor, raped a 12-year-old bedridden patient following an operation, in full awareness of the mental trauma he was causing.
9名男子其中的一名連環強姦犯，甚至不認為自己是在強姦。而另一名醫生，在自己做完手術後強姦了一名12歲臥床不起的患者，當時他很清楚這樣做會給這名患者造成多大的心理陰影。
Instant sexual gratification, power plays, a domineering, superior attitude, revenge and enmity for the victim or her family have all been found to have played a role in rapes around the country.
激情式滿足、權力的遊戲、專橫跋扈、傲慢無禮，對受害者和家人的打擊報復，這都是印度性侵案件離不開的關鍵詞。
In India, rape often leads to the victim losing her 「honour」 and many Indians believe that 「good」 women do not get raped. While much importance is placed on an Indian woman’s virginity or purity of character, there is no similar expectation of men, although the term 「virgin」 is a non-gender-specific noun.
不僅如此，被性侵的受害者會失去「貞操」，很多印度人都認為「品行端正」的女性不會被性侵。儘管對於女性而言，貞操和純潔都至關重要，但男性則不然，在英語裡，「守身如玉」可並不特指女方。
While introducing Dipu Raja Yadav, an 18-year-old from a northern Indian village accused of gang rape, Kaushal narrates the events that surrounded his birth, as told to her by his mother: 「She spoke of her intensifying despair and the desperate fasts she had kept for a son.」
塔拉在研究中提到了18歲的亞達夫，這是他剛出生時發生的故事，他的母親這樣說道，「自己非常絕望，為了生一個兒子，她瘋狂禁食。」
Her husband and in-laws had been incensed at the parade of daughters that had descended from her womb. One of her husband’s brothers had even married a second time after his first wife bore three girls. And so Dipu’s birth was greeted as a blessing by the entire family.
他的父親以及爺爺奶奶，都對他母親生出的一大批女兒感到憤怒。他父親的一個兄弟甚至在前任妻子連生三個女兒後又娶了一個老婆。所以亞達夫的降臨，對全家而言都是一種賜福。
Kaushal writes that generations of misogyny and a lack of healthy communication about sexuality, in combination with the primary source of sex education having become an excessive consumption of porn, thanks to the mobile phone revolution, have led to the current state of affairs.
塔拉如是寫道，代際傳播的厭女情結以及不健康的性交往模式，受到智慧型手機普及的影響，過度消費情色內容成為性教育的主要來源，以上種種共同導致了印度現在的僵局。
Why Men Rape highlights the notion of supremacy and favouritism that is bestowed on male children in many Indian families. Phrases such as raja beta (「king son」), kul deepak (「successor of a family」) or blessings that translate as 「may you bear a hundred sons」 abound in Indian dialects.
印度男人性侵成癮，往往是因為絕大多數印度家庭都給男孩子賦予了太多優越和偏愛。在印度方言中，諸如「王子」、「繼承者」乃至「早生百子」的祝福，比比皆是。
And a number of Indian politicians have blamed such things as mobile phones, jeans, condom adverts and even the eating of fried noodles or meat for the country’s culture of rape and sexual violence.
印度政客們只會把層出不窮的性侵案和性暴力歸結於智慧型手機、緊身褲、避孕廣告、甚至是吃炒麵和肉。
Still, one woman reported a rape every 15 minutes on average in India in 2018, according to government data released last month, underlining the country’s reputation as one of the worst places in the world to be female.
即便如此，根據印度官方上個月公布的數據，在2018年，平均每15分鐘就有一名女性被強姦，這著實反映了印度作為全世界最不適合女性生存國家的口碑。
Women reported almost 34,000 rapes in 2018, barely changed from the year before. Just over 85 per cent led to charges, and 27 per cent to convictions, according to the annual crime report released by the federal home ministry.
在2018年，婦女上報了將近3.4萬起性侵案件，與前一年數量幾乎持平。根據印度內政部發布的年度犯罪報告，高於85%的性侵犯被起訴，但只有27%的人最終被定罪。
Activists say the government statistics understate the number of rapes as it is still considered a taboo by conservative Indians to report sexual violence.
活動人士表示，官方公布的數據只是冰山一角，因為觀念保守的印度人至今依然認為公開性侵經歷是大禁忌。