本期Scientific Reports上發表的一項研究表明,一組大型草食性爬行動物也許早在距今2.4億年前就已經用上公共廁所了。該發現是關於非脊椎動物中的大型草食性動物使用公共廁所的已知第一個證據。
一些哺乳動物能進行複雜的排便,其中的個體在被稱為「公共廁所」的一個單一的、相對較小的區域排便。這些公共廁所有幾個生態功能,其中包括個體之間的溝通和防止疾病。在大型草食性動物中,這種行為被認為僅限於哺乳動物,在化石記錄中所留下的記錄也很差,一般僅限於晚「新生代」。
Lucas Fiorelli及同事發表了在阿根廷西北部一個地點「中三迭世」時期(距今約2.4億年前)存在公共廁所的證據。作者報告了由名為「二齒獸」的一組與犀牛相似的草食性哺乳動物祖先產生的數百堆已成化石的糞便的發現。這些化石「公共廁所」比以前的記錄早2.2億年,對於一種非哺乳類的脊椎動物來說已知還是第一次。這些發現表明,哺乳類的排便方式和社會行為在哺乳動物的遠親中是存在的。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Scientific Reports doi:10.1038/srep03348
The oldest known communal latrines provide evidence of gregarism in Triassic megaherbivores
Lucas E. Fiorelli,Martín D. Ezcurra,E. Martín Hechenleitner,Eloisa Argaaraz,Jeremías R. A. Taborda,M. Jimena Trotteyn,M. Belén von Baczko& Julia B. Desojo
Defecation in communal latrines is a common behaviour of extant mammals widely distributed among megaherbivores. This behaviour has key social functions with important biological and ecological implications. Herbivore communal latrines are only documented among mammals and their fossil record is exceptionally restricted to the late Cenozoic. Here we report the discovery of several massive coprolite associations in the Middle-Late Triassic of the Chaares Formation, Argentina, which represent fossil communal latrines based on a high areal density, small areal extension and taphonomic attributes. Several lines of evidence (size, morphology, abundance and coprofabrics) and their association with kannemeyeriiform dicynodonts indicate that these large synapsids produced the communal latrines and had a gregarious behaviour comparable to that of extant megaherbivores. This is the first evidence of megaherbivore communal latrines in non-mammal vertebrates, indicating that this mammal-type behaviour was present in distant relatives of mammals, and predates its previous oldest record by 220Mya.