牛頓擺的振動會逐漸衰減,直到擺球靜止。探究相關參數,例如擺球的數量、材質和排列方式對牛頓擺衰減速率的影響。
Newton’s cradle is a device that demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy using a series of swinging spheres. When one sphere at the end is lifted and released, it strikes the stationary spheres, transmitting a force through the stationary spheres that pushes the last sphere upward. The last sphere swings back and strikes the still nearly stationary spheres, repeating the effect in the opposite direction. The device is named after 17th-century English scientist Sir Isaac Newton. It is also known as Newton's balls or Executive Ball Clicker.
A typical Newton's cradle consists of a series of identically sized metal balls suspended in a metal frame so that they are just touching each other at rest. Each ball is attached to the frame by two wires of equal length angled away from each other. This restricts the pendulums' movements to the same plane.
——from Wikipedia
牛頓擺是一個使用一系列擺球來演示動量與能量守恆的裝置。當一端的擺球被舉起釋放時,它會撞擊靜止的擺球,通過靜止擺球傳遞力量推動最後一個球向上。最後一個球擺擺回並撞擊相鄰的靜止小球,在相反方向重複該效果。此裝置以17世紀英國科學家艾薩克-牛頓爵士的名字命名。也叫牛頓球或辦公室球擊器。
典型的牛頓擺由一系列大小相同的金屬球組成,它們懸掛在一個金屬框架中,這樣就能靜止地相互接觸。每個球由兩根長度相等、彼此成角度的線連接到框架上。這能限制擺運動到同一平面。
The principle demonstrated by the device, the law of impacts between bodies, was first demonstrated by the French physicist Abbé Mariotte in the 17th century.Newton acknowledged Mariotte's work, among that of others, in his Principia.
牛頓擺的歷史可以追溯到17世紀。這個裝置最初是由法國物理學家Abbé Mariotte提出的。
除了作為演示動量和能量守恆的良好教學範例,結合趣味性與美觀性,牛頓擺還發展成了流行的辦公室擺件和各種益智玩具。
Large Newton's cradle at American Science and Surplus
小編驚喜發現,Swiss young physicists' tournament (瑞士青年物理學家錦標賽)的logo也是使用的牛頓擺。
最左是今年IYPTC上大家都說很像哈利波特的瑞士小隊長
(這題會不會就是瑞士老師投的...)
number, material, and alignment of the spheres ...
目前市面上已經有各種不同數量、不同材料、不同外形尺寸的牛頓球工藝品。較常見的有
5球
6球
7球
今天我們就一起先來看看各家牛頓擺的效果吧
1.Newton's Cradle Demonstration BY CaYPT
from:Youtube via CaYPT
這個視頻來自加拿大隊的預實驗演示,感興趣的朋友可以去Youtube上搜Canadian Young Physicists』 Tournament去訂閱他們。他們視頻拍的很好哦。
2.Demonstration Of A Giant Newton's Cradle
from:Youtube
Amazing Demonstration Of A Giant Newton's Cradle!
經費超額預警
帶上耳機,享受一下清脆的撞擊聲吧!
是不是很羨慕。這感人的聲音仿佛在嘲笑我,不服你來撞我啊。
一起來嘮嘮,大家都嘗試了哪些球?!
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