Scientists in Germany say they have used new technology to create see-through human organs. They say the technology could lead to production of three-dimensional (3D) body parts for use in transplant operations.
德國科學家表示，他們使用新技術發明了透視人體器官，他們說，這項技術可能用於生產三維人體器官，以便用於移植手術中。
The scientists are with Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. They said they developed a process that uses a solvent to make transparent organs, such as the brain and kidneys.
科學家們在慕尼黑的路德維希·馬克西米利安大學工作，他們說，他們開發了一種利用溶劑製造透明器官的過程，比如大腦和腎臟。
The German researchers use lasers in a microscope to scan the organ to be replaced. The laser light helps them see the blood vessels and every single cell inside.
德國研究人員使用顯微鏡中的雷射掃描要替換的器官，雷射幫助他們看到血管和裡面的每一個細胞。
The researchers use this information to print out the structure of the whole organ. For this, they need special equipment. They use a 3D printer to manufacture the structure – one that has height, width and length.
研究人員利用這些信息列印出整個器官的結構，為此，他們需要特殊的設備。他們使用3D印表機製造結一個具有高度、寬度和長度的結構。
The researchers then load the printer with stem cells, which can become any kind of cell in the body. The stem cells act as 「ink」 in the printer. They are injected into the correct position, making the organ fully operational.
然後，研究人員在印表機上裝上幹細胞，這些幹細胞可以成為體內的任何一種細胞。幹細胞在印表機中起著「墨水」的作用，他們被注射到正確的位置以使器官完全運作起來。
The leader of the study, Ali Erturk, described the new technology as a major development for 3D printing in the medical field.
這項研究的領導者阿里·埃爾圖克將這項新技術描述為醫學領域3D列印技術的一大發展。
Until now 3D-printed organs lacked detailed cellular structures because they were based on two kinds of medical scanning technology, he explained. The two are computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging.
他解釋說，直到現在，3D列印器官缺乏詳細的細胞結構，因為它們是基於兩種醫學掃描技術的，這兩種技術是計算機斷層掃描(CT)和磁共振成像。
「We can see where every single cell is… we can actually replicate it exactly the same,」 Erturk said. 「I believe we are much closer to a real human organ for the first time now,」 he added.
「我們可以看到每個細胞的位置…我們實際上可以完全相同地複製它，「埃爾圖克說。「我相信我們現在第一次更接近真正的人體器官了，」他補充道。
Erturk and his team plan to start by creating a transparent, bioprinted pancreas over the next two to three years. They hope to develop a human kidney within 5-6 years.
埃爾圖克和他的團隊計劃在接下來的兩到三年裡創造一個透明的、生物顯影的胰腺，他們希望在5到6年內創造出人類腎臟。
The researchers will first test to see if animals can live with bioprinted organs and could start tests within five to 10 years, he predicted.
他預測，研究人員將首先測試動物是否能用生物顯影的器官生存，並在5到10年內開始測試。