大規模平行Cas13篩選揭示嚮導RNA設計原理
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/3/19 16:59:20
美國紐約大學Neville E. Sanjana研究團隊取得一項新進展,他們利用大規模平行Cas13篩選揭示嚮導RNA的設計原理。相關論文於2020年3月16日在線發表於《自然—生物技術》。
為了定義Cas13d嚮導RNA(gRNA)的設計規則,研究人員針對綠色螢光蛋白轉基因的信使RNA(mRNA)以及人細胞中的CD46、CD55和CD71細胞表面蛋白進行了大規模平行篩選。
總的來說,研究人員測量了相對於靶序列有和沒有錯配的24460個gRNA的活性。敲低效率由gRNA特異性功能和靶位點背景決定。單個錯配通常可將敲低效率降低一定程度,但是間隔核苷酸15–21在很大程度上不能耐受靶位點錯配。
研究人員開發了一種計算模型來識別最佳gRNA,並確認其通用性,他們測試了3979種靶向48個內源基因mRNA的gRNA。
研究人員表明,Cas13可用於正向轉錄組集中篩選,並使用模型預測了人類基因組中所有蛋白質編碼轉錄本的優化後Cas13 gRNA。
據悉,VI型CRISPR酶是具有核酸酶活性的RNA靶向蛋白,可在不改變基因組的情況下實現特異性的靶基因敲低。
附:英文原文
Title: Massively parallel Cas13 screens reveal principles for guide RNA design
Author: Hans-Hermann Wessels, Alejandro Mndez-Mancilla, Xinyi Guo, Mateusz Legut, Zharko Daniloski, Neville E. Sanjana
Issue&Volume: 2020-03-16
Abstract: Type VI CRISPR enzymes are RNA-targeting proteins with nuclease activity that enable specific and robust target gene knockdown without altering the genome. To define rules for the design of Cas13d guide RNAs (gRNAs), we conducted massively parallel screens targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of a green fluorescent protein transgene, and CD46, CD55 and CD71 cell-surface proteins in human cells. In total, we measured the activity of 24,460 gRNAs with and without mismatches relative to the target sequences. Knockdown efficacy is driven by gRNA-specific features and target site context. Single mismatches generally reduce knockdown to a modest degree, but spacer nucleotides 15–21 are largely intolerant of target site mismatches. We developed a computational model to identify optimal gRNAs and confirm their generalizability, testing 3,979 guides targeting mRNAs of 48 endogenous genes. We show that Cas13 can be used in forward transcriptomic pooled screens and, using our model, predict optimized Cas13 gRNAs for all protein-coding transcripts in the human genome.
DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0456-9
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-020-0456-9