一種天然的單向導RNA可重新利用Cas9來自動調節CRISPR-Cas表達
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2021/1/12 11:18:59
美國約翰·霍普金斯大學Joshua W. Modell團隊發現,一種天然的單向導RNA可重新利用Cas9來自動調節CRISPR-Cas表達。相關論文於2021年1月8日在線發表在《細胞》雜誌上。
研究人員證明了在化膿性鏈球菌CRISPR-Cas系統中,一個長形式的反式激活CRISPR RNA(tracr-L)摺疊成一個天然的單一嚮導,該嚮導指導Cas9轉錄抑制其自身的啟動子(P cas)。此外,研究人員證明了P cas是關鍵的調節節點。去抑制會導致針對病毒的免疫速率大幅提高3,000倍;然而,增強免疫力會以增加自身免疫毒性為代價。使用生物信息學分析,研究人員提供了tracrRNA介導的自動調節在II-A型CRISPR-Cas系統中廣泛存在的證據。
總之,研究人員揭示了一種通過自然單一嚮導對CRISPR-Cas系統進行內在調控的新範例,這可能有助於將這些系統頻繁地水平轉移到尚未發展其自身調控策略的新宿主中。
據悉,CRISPR-Cas系統為原核生物提供了對病毒和質粒的後天免疫力,但是人們對如何調節這些系統以防止自身免疫的了解卻很少。
附:英文原文
Title: A natural single-guide RNA repurposes Cas9 to autoregulate CRISPR-Cas expression
Author: Rachael E. Workman, Teja Pammi, Binh T.K. Nguyen, Leonardo W. Graeff, Erika Smith, Suzanne M. Sebald, Marie J. Stoltzfus, Chad W. Euler, Joshua W. Modell
Issue&Volume: 2021-01-08
Abstract: CRISPR-Cas systems provide prokaryotes with acquired immunity against viruses andplasmids, but how these systems are regulated to prevent autoimmunity is poorly understood.Here, we show that in the S. pyogenes CRISPR-Cas system, a long-form transactivating CRISPR RNA (tracr-L) folds into a natural single guide that directs Cas9 to transcriptionally repressits own promoter (Pcas). Further, we demonstrate that Pcas serves as a critical regulatory node. De-repression causes a dramatic 3,000-foldincrease in immunization rates against viruses; however, heightened immunity comesat the cost of increased autoimmune toxicity. Using bioinformatic analyses, we provideevidence that tracrRNA-mediated autoregulation is widespread in type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems. Collectively,we unveil a new paradigm for the intrinsic regulation of CRISPR-Cas systems by naturalsingle guides, which may facilitate the frequent horizontal transfer of these systemsinto new hosts that have not yet evolved their own regulatory strategies.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.017
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31687-1
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