多個小麥基因組揭示現代育種的全球變異
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/11/27 13:55:57
加拿大薩斯喀徹溫大學Curt A. McCartney、瑞士蘇黎世大學Thomas Wicker、德國環境衛生研究中心Manuel Spannagl和加拿大農業和農業食品部Curt A. McCartney合作取得最新進展。多他們利用個小麥基因組研究揭示現代育種中的全球變異。這一研究成果發表在2020年11月15日出版的《自然》雜誌上。
他們生成十個六倍體小麥的染色體假分子和五個支架組裝體，以探索全球育種計劃中小麥品系之間的基因組多樣性。比較分析顯示，廣泛的結構重排，野生親緣種的滲入以及複雜育種史導致的基因含量差異，旨在改善對多種環境的適應性、穀物產量和品質以及對脅迫的抵抗力。他們提供了概述這些基因組效用的實例，包括涉及抗病性和與昆蟲抗性相關的Sm16的特性的詳細的多基因組來源的、核苷酸結合的富、含亮氨酸的重複蛋白庫。這些基因組組裝將為功能基因的發現和育種奠定基礎，以提供二代現代小麥品種。
據了解，基因組學的進展加快了幾種重要農業作物的改良速度，但小麥的類似研究則更具挑戰性。這主要是由於小麥基因組的大小和複雜性，以及缺乏多個小麥品系的基因組組裝數據。
附：英文原文
Title: Multiple wheat genomes reveal global variation in modern breeding
Author: Sean Walkowiak, Liangliang Gao, Cecile Monat, Georg Haberer, Mulualem T. Kassa, Jemima Brinton, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Markus C. Kolodziej, Emily Delorean, Dinushika Thambugala, Valentyna Klymiuk, Brook Byrns, Heidrun Gundlach, Venkat Bandi, Jorge Nunez Siri, Kirby Nilsen, Catharine Aquino, Axel Himmelbach, Dario Copetti, Tomohiro Ban, Luca Venturini, Michael Bevan, Bernardo Clavijo, Dal-Hoe Koo, Jennifer Ens, Krystalee Wiebe, Amidou NDiaye, Allen K. Fritz, Carl Gutwin, Anne Fiebig, Christine Fosker, Bin Xiao Fu, Gonzalo Garcia Accinelli, Keith A. Gardner, Nick Fradgley, Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch, Masaomi Hatakeyama, Chu Shin Koh, Jasline Deek, Alejandro C. Costamagna, Pierre Fobert, Darren Heavens, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Kanako Kawaura, Fuminori Kobayashi, Ksenia Krasileva, Tony Kuo, Neil McKenzie, Kazuki Murata, Yusuke Nabeka, Timothy Paape, Sudharsan Padmarasu, Lawrence Percival-Alwyn, Sateesh Kagale, Uwe Scholz, Jun Sese, Philomin Juliana, Ravi Singh, Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi, David Swarbreck, James Cockram, Hikmet Budak, Toshiaki Tameshige, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Jonathan Wright, Jianzhong Wu, Burkhard Steuernagel, Ian Small, Sylvie Cloutier, Gabriel Keeble-Gagnre
Issue&Volume: 2020-11-25
Abstract: Advances in genomics have expedited the improvement of several agriculturally important crops but similar efforts in wheat (Triticum spp.) have been more challenging. This is largely owing to the size and complexity of the wheat genome1, and the lack of genome-assembly data for multiple wheat lines2,3. Here we generated ten chromosome pseudomolecule and five scaffold assemblies of hexaploid wheat to explore the genomic diversity among wheat lines from global breeding programs. Comparative analysis revealed extensive structural rearrangements, introgressions from wild relatives and differences in gene content resulting from complex breeding histories aimed at improving adaptation to diverse environments, grain yield and quality, and resistance to stresses4,5. We provide examples outlining the utility of these genomes, including a detailed multi-genome-derived nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein repertoire involved in disease resistance and the characterization of Sm16, a gene associated with insect resistance. These genome assemblies will provide a basis for functional gene discovery and breeding to deliver the next generation of modern wheat cultivars. Comparison of multiple genome assemblies from wheat reveals extensive diversity that results from the complex breeding history of wheat and provides a basis for further potential improvements to this important food crop.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2961-x
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2961-x