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4. Why is Usability important?

The Definition of Usability goes like this: the ease with which a user can learn to operate, prepare inputs for, and interpret outputs of a system or component [IEEE 90].

 

Assume some Pharmacy software that illustrates the importance of using effective interfaces in today’s Healthcare Informatics sector. Pharmacy Management is a major task involving lot of data entry, data tracking, problem resolving; practically many users are new to the program and most of them will not want or have time to read the excessively adequate user manuals or support documentation. Despite this, users, including many barely computer literate ones, manage to work on the packages and use them efficiently. The background is very simple! It is the functionality that the program performs and then the interface is the means by which the user interacts with the software to perform the various tasks. For a software creator, it is the design, code, functionality and the overall program that makes a product; while for an end-user, it is just the interface or the Usability, which makes the product.

 

Increasing Usability reduces the amount of time it takes users master your product and decreases your support and training costs. Validating usability enables you to find and correct the problems within new products and focus development resources for new releases of existing products.

 

5. What are the Details to be considered?

GUI Designers and / or implementers and/or other delegates related to the GUI product being developed should:

 

·        Understand the basic factors that determine the usability and effectiveness of an application

·        Be able to apply user centered design techniques to the design, implementation and evaluation of applications

·        Be aware of the latest trends and technologies that are being used in the designing of user interfaces

·        Know the differences between Web Design and GUI Design

·        Feel that UI is the product to the user

·        Understand that the UI needs to support the users』 task

·        Realize that increased usability increases the users』 efficiency & reduces maintenance and support effort…

 

Apart from these, we also need to be familiar with some of things that follow, in order to provide the good User Interfaces.

 

I.     Understanding Usability: The difference between good and bad usability are determined using the factors like -Clarity in Layout Design and wording art, Consistency, Confusing Terminology (Not using OK, Cancel, Save and other buttons), Poor Organization (Ex: Placing of toolbar, menubar, etc.), Complex menu structure (Having more than 2/3 levels of sub-menu items in a single menu), Uninformative feedback (Ex: A warning message showing an error!), Overuse of color, etc.…

 

II.  GUI Design Concepts:

·        User-centered Design

·        System-centered Design

·        Event-driven Programming

·        Affordances, Metaphors & Manipulations

 

III.     Designing for Usability: Consider the following - User Centered Design, User Profiles, Usage Scenarios and task Profiles, Prototyping, Evaluation.

 

IV.      High Level Design: Includes - Conceptual Design, Metaphors, Structure and Navigation.

 

V.         Detailed Design: Includes - Usability Principles, Interaction Design, Window Structures, Menus & Interaction, Forms, Dialog Boxes, Wizards, and Feedback Techniques.

 

VI.      Visual Design: Includes – Color, Fonts, Icons, and Layout.

 

VII.   Exotica: Includes – Active Desktop, Style Guides.

 

VIII.      Usability Evaluation Techniques – Using the following strategies:

·        Informal Testing

Ø      Walkthroughs

Ø      Peer Reviews

·        Formal Testing

Ø      Focus Groups

Ø      Questionnaires

Ø      Lab Testing

 

VIII. How to improve overall on Usability of Software Products?

Adopting and implementing procedures like those mentioned here can enhance usability. Some of them are:

·        Forming Usability Group & conducting Usability Research (Market Research with Users)

·        Conducting expert usability reviews on your products

·        Evaluating a product by conducting questionnaires – both internally & externally

·        Involving Focus Groups for reviewing the merits of design alternatives

·        Performing Task Based Testing along with the users in their sites or in the usability labs…

6. Need for adopting GUI Standards

After performing all the above, now, how do we actually incorporate what we want in our code? It is just not sufficient to provide the user with one or two products with some GUI requirements fulfilled. In the long run, to achieve maximum customer satisfaction and enhance business time-to-time, any organization should aim at providing consistent GUI applications. There must be uniformity across all the products (at least the major ones) provided by the development organization. [Note that, changes to the GUI features are subject to changes in user requirements]. This requires documentation of GUI Standards, which needs to be strictly followed and implemented. The products must be validated against these Standards before shipping to the user.

 

It is also required to share the work on GUI Standards amongst all the technical employees who are directly related to the product development. This can be achieved by conducting organization-wide trainings. It is important to let everyone know that it is not only required to strictly implement the standards, but, to understand the need for following such standards.

 

Here is a list of some of the GUI elements (in a Client Server product) that may require focus, for standardization: