超級大驚喜！碎米薺葉報春苣苔，一種極度瀕危的特有種，今天在野外重新發現了！
Big Surprise! Primulina cardaminifolia, an extremely endemic species of Primulina was rediscovered today!
2017年7月11日，碎米薺葉報春苣苔，一個此前被廣西壯族自治區中國科學院廣西植物研究所發表該物種的科研團隊*和中國臺灣辜嚴倬雲保種中心評價為野外滅絕的報春苣苔屬珍稀瀕危植物【參考出處: 圖1/Figs. 1. 上海辰山植物園；圖2/Figs. 2. 中國臺灣辜嚴倬雲植物保種中心】，在GCCC溫放博士和致力於苦苣苔科植物保育的志願者的努力下，重新發現了其野外分布的新居群！
Today, 11th July, 2017, a rare and nearly extinct species of Primulina, P. cardaminifolia, which was assessed as Extinct in the field (EW) (Figs. 1 & Figs. 2) formerly by the research group of Guangxi Institute of Botany, CAS (GXIB) and Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanica Conservation Center, Taiwan of China (KBCC), was rediscovered a population in the field today after falling in Dr. Wen Fang and fans of GCCC's effort! (*Note: The research group of GXIB published this rare species).
圖1 有關韋宏金先生關於碎米薺葉報春苣苔發現的相關描述
Figs. 1 The rare species, Primulina cardaminifolia and its』 discoverer, Mr. Wei Hong-Jin
圖2 辜嚴倬雲植物保種中心對碎米薺葉報春苣苔的IUCN等級評價
Figs. 2 The IUCN grade of Primulina cardaminifolia by KBCC
碎米薺葉報春苣苔，2008年由現辰山植物園科研人員韋宏金先生(網名「金攝狼」)最早在野外採到（圖1 & 圖3），經由研究後，於2013年由廣西壯族自治區中國科學院廣西植物研究所的許為斌博士和劉演研究員、中國臺灣中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心彭鏡毅研究員和Yoshiko Kono、中國臺灣國立臺灣大學鍾國芳博士和Hsuan Chang合作正式發表（圖4）。這個物種十分特殊，它是報春苣苔屬大花類群中除複葉報春苣苔Primulina pinnata (W. T.Wang)Y.Z.Wang外第二個具有複葉的類群，而初步的研究結果表明該種極有可能是雜種起源的，但仍需要更多的深入研究。該物種在發表之時，野外分布居群數量就相當的少，儘管該種已經正式發表，但是尚未來得及開展相關的保育生物學以及其他植物學方面的研究，這個珍稀物種就已經悲劇了——其模式產地由於廣泛栽植桉樹，開山種苗的同時，影響到了山體結構，在2013年的一天，連綿暴雨之後山體轟然倒下，滑坡直接湮滅了這個物種已知的所有個體！所幸的是，這個物種在此前廣西植物研究所科研人員和中國臺灣的科研人員聯合進行研究的時候，臺灣辜嚴倬雲保種中心引種了少量植株（10株），而廣西植物研究所也從辜氏保種中心引回少量個體並保存在植物資源與地理研究中心，使得該物種不至於遭受到和圓果苣苔一樣的命運，滅絕！因為仍有極少量的個體保存在人工控制的環境下，因此碎米薺葉報春苣苔的IUCN瀕危評價等級被評為「危評，野外滅絕」。
Primulina cardaminifolia Yan Liu &W.B. Xu, was firstly discovered and collected by Mr. Wei Hong-Jin (Net name: Jin She Lang , Golden Shooting Wolf), who is working in the Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden at present (Figs. 1 & Figs. 3). Then in a study of this rare species, Dr. Xu Wei-Bin and Prof. Liu Yan of GXIB, Yoshiko Kono and Prof. Ching-I Peng of Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan of China, Hsuan Chang and Dr. Kuo-Fang Chung of School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taiwan of China, co-published it in 2013 (Figs. 4). This new taxon looks very special, is the second species of Primulina having big corollas, anotheris P. pinnata (W. T.Wang)Y. Z.Wang. Allavailable data support the recognition of the new species P. cardaminifolia and suggest that it could have derived fromhomoploid hybrid speciation, but it need to be developed deeply. Unfortunately, when it was published at that time, the individuals in the field were very, very few. Before we carry out research deeply for this species, the type locality was thoroughly destroyed by collapse! Because local people have been planting Eucalyptus for making money, the structure of the limestone hill body and hydrologic condition were being influenced and changed. In 2013, after raining cats and dogs for some weeks, the terrible collapse directly buried all living plants of type locality. The best out of the worst, when this new taxon was studied by those researchers of GXIB and institute and university of Taiwan, China, some individuals were introduced by KBCC. Soon afterwards, GXIB re-introduced from KBCC and is cultivating it in Center for Plant Resources & PhytogeographicalStudies of GXIB. Thus, the IUCN endangered grade is assessed as 「Extinct in thefield, EW」.
圖3 韋宏金先生與碎米薺葉報春苣苔的故事
Figs. 3 The history of Mr. Wei Hong-Jin and Primulina cardaminifolia
圖4 碎米薺葉報春苣苔的合格發表
Figs. 4 The description of this new taxon, Primulina cardaminifolia
2014年5月，桂林植物園主持中國植物園聯盟項目「中國本土植物全覆蓋清查與保護（試點）」子課題「廣西本土植物調查與保護」，由於之前已知碎米薺葉報春苣苔已經被評價為野外滅絕等級，因此希望能夠從辜氏保種中心引回部分種苗進行擴繁，然後開展野外種群回歸等試驗，可惜被婉拒，使得計劃不得已擱淺，使得這個物種的瀕危等級一直高居不下，其面臨的生存危機仍然在日益加重。
In May 2014, Guilin Botanical Garden presided a project of Chinese Botanic Garden Union, 「Sub-project: The investigation and protection of Guangxi Native Plants」 of 「The Check and Protection of Chinese Native Plants (Pilot Project)」. Because Guilin Botanical Garden understood that Primulina cardaminifolia was assessed as 「EW」, and wanted to re-introduce some individuals of P. cardaminifolia from KBCC, then to develop some experiments for re-introduction in the field. It seems barely comprehensible that KBCC declined Guilin Botanical Garden’s offer so that the good plan was stranded. This makes this rare species possible to disappear in the near future because of fewer individuals and fewer maintained localites.
但是GCCC一直沒有放棄在野外重新找到這個物種的希望，正如同他們前往圓果苣苔產地十餘次一樣，從2010年開始，擴大了對其分布地域的考察，希冀能夠有驚喜，不管是這個驚喜來自於嚴酷夏日，冰冷寒冬，還是暴雨滂沱，狂風呼嘯。所以，當2017年7月8日，有消息傳來可能發現了疑似碎米薺葉報春苣苔的訊息，儘管中央氣象臺提前發布了廣西柳州、來賓地區暴雨藍色預警，GCCC成員還是義無反顧地出發了！在GCCC的忠實Fans的帶領下，各位爬過一座又一座的石山，跨過一條又一條的激流、步行十餘公裡（圖5 & 圖6），在暴雨傾盆中走了4個多小時，到達了疑似碎米薺葉報春苣苔的新分布地——這裡距離該種的模式產地所在鄉直線距離有12公裡（百度地圖實測，為了物種保護，我們隱去了該種的新分布地地址信息）！
However, GCCC never gives up hope to re-discover this species in the field, as for many many visiting and investigating in the type locality of Gyrogyne subaequifolia W.T. Wang. The members of GCCC extended the investigation range surrounding the type locality.They are too frantic tasting everything on that, no matter what Hot summer and Cold winter, or torrential downpour and screaming wind. When the members of GCCC got the exciting information about Primulina cardaminifolia at 8th July, and they decided to go to investigate right now, although the blue weather warning for torrential downpour for Laibin city, Liuzhou city and Guilin city by National Meteorological Center, China at 10th July. The fans of GCCC guided us to walk more than ten kilometers (four hours), crossed many rapid streams (Figs. 5 & Figs. 6), we arrived the new distributed locality of P. cardaminifolia! There is about 12 kilometer as the crow flies from the type locality (Based on the Baidu Map online, for protecting this species, we hide all information of the new locality).
圖5 GCCC跋山涉水（I）
Figs. 5 The members of GCCC walked in the terriblestream
圖6 GCCC跋山涉水，飛簷走壁拍美花（II）
Figs. 6 The members of GCCC climbed cliff to takephoto for Primulina cardaminifolia
當看到在懸崖上盛開的碎米薺葉報春苣苔的時候，我們覺得，所有的辛勞、艱苦，都是頓時煙消雲散！這是繼焰苞報春苣苔之後，GCCC通過長時間的野外實地調查，被評價為「野外滅絕」的苦苣苔科植物類群中，重新發現野外分布地點和物種居群的第二個報春苣苔屬物種！我們逐一對該分布點的所有個體進行了清點，成熟植株27株，幼年個體119株（真葉2-4枚），所有個體集中分布在一個懸巖下部，生境脆弱，完全依賴於上方茂盛的常綠闊葉林植被蔭蔽和巖壁上的少量滴水，亟待開展擴繁和保育工作（圖7 & 圖8）。
When we saw the wonderful plants and beautiful flowers of Primulina cardaminifolia, we think it all worthwhile! After P. spadiciformis (W.T. Wang) Mich. Möller & A. Weber, P. cardaminifolia is the second species which was once assessed as 「EW」 but is re-assessed as other grade and is no longer 「EW」 by GCCC. We checked all individuals one by one, we were sure that there is 27 mature individuals and 119 young seedlings (having 2-4 euphyllas). All individuals grow under a hanging limestone cliff, they need to develop propagation and conservation (Figs. 7 & Figs. 8).
據我們的仔細觀察，僅有少量殘存果莢，但果莢內均無種子，因此從所有個體上分別採集1枚，共採集了27枚葉片用於在GCCC內行葉插繁殖並最大範圍地保存其遺傳多樣性。隨後，GCCC和桂林植物園將針對碎米薺葉報春苣苔開展大量的科研工作，並爭取早日將這個美麗的物種進行產地回歸，使它永遠在廣西的青山碧水間綻放芳華！！！
After carefully checking, we found fewer survival capsules but no seeds inside. Thus we collected one leaf from every mature individual to make leaf cutting (total 27 leaves), and try to keep the all genetic diversity of this population. Soon afterwards, GCCC and Guilin Botanical Garden will carry out researches, and make re-introduction for this beautiful species.
特此感謝，GCCC的Fans，一小**花（徐先生）、Z先生、L先生和H先生提供訊息！特此一併表示感謝！
Thanks those Fans of GCC, thanks 「Yi Xiao ** Hua (Mr. Xu)」, Mr. Z, Mr. L and Mr. H for their helps!
圖6 盛開的碎米薺葉報春苣苔（I）
Figs. 6 The rare and endangered species, Primulina cardaminifolia, in flowering (I)
圖8 盛開的碎米薺葉報春苣苔（II）
Figs. 8 The rare and endangered species, Primulina cardaminifolia, in flowering (II)