十三屆全國人大常委會副委員長王晨5月22日上午向十三屆全國人大三次會議作關於《全國人民代表大會關於建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制的決定(草案)》（a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to safeguard national security）的說明。
2020年5月22日，全國人大常委會副委員長王晨作關於《全國人民代表大會關於建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制的決定(草案)》的說明。（圖片來源：新華社）
Since the return of Hong Kong to the motherland, China has been firmly implementing the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy, Wang said.王晨說，香港回歸以來，國家堅定貫徹「一國兩制」、「港人治港」、高度自治的方針。
The practice of "one country, two systems" has achieved unprecedented success in Hong Kong, he said.「一國兩制」實踐在香港取得了前所未有的成功。
But the increasingly notable national security risks in the HKSAR have become a prominent problem, the vice chairman said, citing activities that have seriously challenged the bottom line of the "one country, two systems" principle, harmed the rule of law, and threatened national sovereignty, security and development interests.同時，香港特別行政區國家安全風險日益凸顯。很多行為和活動嚴重挑戰「一國兩制」原則底線，嚴重損害法治，嚴重危害國家主權、安全、發展利益。
Law-based and forceful measures must be taken to prevent, stop and punish such activities, he noted.必須採取有力措施依法予以防範、制止和懲治。
Article 23 of the Basic Law of the HKSAR stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the HKSAR, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the HKSAR from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.香港基本法第23條規定：「香港特別行政區應自行立法禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂、顛覆中央人民政府及竊取國家機密的行為，禁止外國的政治性組織或團體在香港特別行政區進行政治活動，禁止香港特別行政區的政治性組織或團體與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯繫。」
More than 20 years after Hong Kong's return, however, relevant laws are yet to materialize due to the sabotage and obstruction by those trying to sow trouble in Hong Kong and China at large, as well as external hostile forces, Wang said.然而，香港回歸20多年來，由於反中亂港勢力和外部敵對勢力的極力阻撓、幹擾，23條立法一直沒有完成。
Considering Hong Kong's situation at present, efforts must be made at the state-level to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, to change the long-term "defenseless" status in the field of national security, Wang said.在香港目前形勢下，必須從國家層面建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制，改變國家安全領域長期「不設防」狀況。
This will advance the institutional building to safeguard national security on the course of China's Constitution and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, he said. This will also strengthen the work of safeguarding national security and ensure the steady and enduring growth of the cause of "one country, two systems", he added.在憲法和香港基本法的軌道上推進維護國家安全制度建設，加強維護國家安全工作，確保香港「一國兩制」事業行穩致遠。
總體要求和基本原則
貫徹上述總體要求，必須遵循和把握好以下基本原則。
-- Firmly safeguarding national security;一是堅決維護國家安全。
-- Upholding and improving the "one country, two systems";二是堅持和完善「一國兩制」制度體系。
-- Adhering to governing Hong Kong in accordance with the law;三是堅持依法治港。
-- Resolutely opposing external interference;四是堅決反對外來幹涉。
-- Substantially safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of Hong Kong residents;五是切實保障香港居民合法權益。
決定草案分為導語和正文兩部分，正文部分共有7條。
Article 1 states clearly that the country will unswervingly, fully and faithfully implement the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy; stresses taking necessary measures to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, as well as prevent, stop and punish activities endangering national security in accordance with the law;第一條，闡明國家堅定不移並全面準確貫徹「一國兩制」、「港人治港」、高度自治的方針；強調採取必要措施建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制，依法防範、制止和懲治危害國家安全的行為和活動。
Article 2 states clearly that the country resolutely opposes the interference in the HKSAR affairs by any foreign or external forces in any form and will take necessary countermeasures;第二條，闡明國家堅決反對任何外國和境外勢力以任何方式幹預香港特別行政區事務，採取必要措施予以反制。
Article 3 specifies that it is the HKSAR's constitutional responsibilities to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; stresses that the HKSAR must complete the national security legislation stipulated in the Basic Law of the HKSAR at an earlier date and HKSAR's administrative, legislative and judicial organs must, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, effectively prevent, stop and punish acts endangering national security;第三條，明確規定維護國家主權、統一和領土完整是香港特別行政區的憲制責任；強調香港特別行政區應當儘早完成香港基本法規定的維護國家安全立法，香港特別行政區行政機關、立法機關、司法機關應當依據有關法律規定有效防範、制止和懲治危害國家安全的行為。
Article 4 specifies that the HKSAR must establish and improve the institutions and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security; when needed, relevant national security organs of the Central People's Government will set up agencies in the HKSAR to fulfill relevant duties to safeguard national security in accordance with the law;第四條，明確規定香港特別行政區應當建立健全維護國家安全的機構和執行機制；中央人民政府維護國家安全的有關機關根據需要在香港特別行政區設立機構，依法履行維護國家安全相關職責。
Article 5 specifies that the HKSAR chief executive must regularly report to the Central People's Government on the HKSAR's performance of the duty to safeguard national security, carry out national security education and forbid acts of endangering national security;第五條，明確規定香港特別行政區行政長官應當就香港特別行政區履行維護國家安全職責、開展國家安全推廣教育、依法禁止危害國家安全的行為等情況，定期向中央人民政府提交報告。
Article 6 specifies the constitutional meanings of related legislation of the NPC Standing Committee:第六條，明確全國人大常委會相關立法的憲制含義，包括三層含義：
(1)Entrusting the NPC Standing Committee to formulate relevant laws on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security. The NPC Standing Committee will exercise its functions and powers of legislation under authorization;一是授權全國人大常委會就建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制制定相關法律，全國人大常委會將據此行使授權立法職權；
(2)Specifying that relevant legal tasks for the NPC Standing Committee are to effectively prevent, stop and punish any act occurring in the HKSAR to split the country, subvert state power, organize and carry out terrorist activities and other behaviors that seriously endanger national security, as well as activities of foreign and external forces to interfere in the affairs of the HKSAR;二是明確全國人大常委會相關法律的任務是，切實防範、制止和懲治發生在香港特別行政區內的任何分裂國家、顛覆國家政權、組織實施恐怖活動等嚴重危害國家安全的行為以及外國和境外勢力幹預香港特別行政區事務的活動；
(3)Specifying the method of implementing relevant laws of the NPC Standing Committee in the HKSAR, that is, the NPC Standing Committee makes the decision to include relevant laws into Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and the HKSAR promulgates and implements them;三是明確全國人大常委會相關法律在香港特別行政區實施的方式，即全國人大常委會決定將相關法律列入香港基本法附件三，由香港特別行政區在當地公布實施。
Article 7 specifies that this decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.第七條，明確本決定的施行時間，即自公布之日起施行。
After the issuance of the decision, the NPC Standing Committee will work with related parties to formulate relevant laws at an earlier date for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, actively push for settling prominent problems in the national security system of the HKSAR, strengthen the building of special institutions, enforcement mechanisms and law enforcement forces, so as to ensure relevant laws' effective implementation in the HKSAR, Wang said. 王晨說，本決定作出後，全國人大常委會將會同有關方面及早制定香港特別行政區維護國家安全的相關法律，積極推動解決香港特別行政區在維護國家安全制度方面存在的突出問題，加強專門機構、執行機制和執法力量建設，確保相關法律在香港特別行政區有效實施。
來源：新華網
編輯：Helen
來源：新華網