雙語•科技：火星太空人可用3D列印的皮膚和骨頭治傷

In addition to their myriad other responsibilities, the brave Mars pioneers will also have to be ready to deal with all kinds of medical emergencies.

除了無數的其他職責，勇敢的火星先鋒者們還必須隨時準備應對各種各樣的緊急醫療事故。

Some ailments, such as common colds and headaches, may be easy to tackle with medication. To help them with more serious issues, like severe skin burns or bone fractures, scientists from the Dresden University of Technology (TUD) have developed a 3D bioprinter capable of producing human tissue in space.

有些小毛病，如普通的感冒和頭痛，可能很容易用藥物治療。為了幫助他們解決更嚴重的問題，比如嚴重的皮膚燒傷或骨折，德勒斯登工業大學的科學家們開發了一種能夠在太空中產生人體組織的3D 生物印表機。

3D bioprinters are similar to traditional 3D printers, with one key difference. Instead of creating objects from materials like plastic, ceramic, or wood, they deposit layers of biomaterial, made largely from living cells, to build complex human tissue. Since the raw material is not readily available, researchers begin by taking a few cells from the required organ, such as lung or skin, and cultivating them in the laboratory. Once enough cells have been generated, they are used to create &34;, which is loaded into the printer. This, as you can imagine, is no easy task, and despite trying for many years, scientists have still not been able to regenerate human organs for widespread use.

3D 生物印表機類似於傳統的3D 印表機，但有一個主要區別——它們不是用塑料、陶瓷或者木頭等材料製造物體，而是用大量活細胞製造的生物材料來構建複雜的人體組織。由於原材料不容易獲得,研究人員首先從所需器官(如肺或皮膚)中提取一些細胞，然後在實驗室中進行培養。一旦產生足夠多的細胞，它們就被用來製造&34;，然後輸入印表機。正如你所想的，這並非易事。儘管多年來科學家們一直在努力，但是仍未能使人體器官再生以供廣泛使用。

Bioprinting in space has even more challenges. The biggest is finding cells to cultivate and create the required bio-ink. There is also the issue of the printer being able to operate in the low gravity conditions like the one the astronauts will encounter on Mars.

生物列印在太空中面臨更多的挑戰。最大的挑戰是發現要培養的細胞以及製造所需的生物墨水。還有一個問題就是印表機能夠在低重力條件下工作，就像太空人在火星上面臨的境遇那樣。

The TUD scientists, who are working in collaboration with the European Space Agency&34;Skin cells can be bioprinted using human blood plasma as a nutrient-rich &39;, which would be easily accessible from the mission crew members,&34;人類血漿作為一種營養豐富的&39;，可以用來生物列印皮膚細胞，皮膚細胞也很容易從太空人身上獲取。&39;s Structures, Mechanisms and Materials Division, agrees. The expert says, &34;

2019年7月9日，TUD 的研究人員首次展示了生物列印的骨頭和皮膚樣本，他們相信，一旦研發出來，這項技術可以幫助太空人治療急性損傷。歐洲航天局的結構、機制和材料部門的負責人Tommaso Ghidini同意這個觀點。該專家說：&34;

知識積累：

pioneer n. a person who is the first to study and develop a particular area of knowledge, culture, etc. That other people then continue to develop先鋒；帶頭人

complex adj. made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand 複雜的；難懂的；費解的

cultivate v. to grow plants or crops 種植；栽培；培育

generate v. to produce or create sth 產生；引起

encounter v. to experience sth, especially sth unpleasant or difficult, while you are trying to do sth else 遭遇，遇到（尤指令人不快或困難的事）

accessible adj. that can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc. 可到達的；可接近的；可進入的；可使用的；可見到的

eliminate v. to remove or get rid of sth/sb 排除；清除；消除

transplant n. a medical operation in which a damaged organ, etc. is replaced with one from another person （器官等的）移植

acute adj. very serious or severe 十分嚴重的

本文英文來自DOGOnews，已選入《快捷英語 活頁英語時文閱讀理解 高二年級19》，參考譯文由&34;整理。轉載需註明出處。