聽力原文
Here on Earth where most of us live, we spend about a third of everyday lying down sleeping and two-thirds standing or sitting in an upright position.
That's not really how it goes in space when people are weightless and the zero gravity environment causes more fluid to shift to the head. Faces get puffy, legs lose volume and appear to be smaller. Many astronauts have complained of eye and back problems after coming back down to Earth and its gravity.
And now scientists say they've discovered some new risks with long term space flight. A study published recently in JAMA Network Open, a medical journal, examined 11 healthy astronauts who'd been on the International Space Station for six months. Eight of the them had unusual characteristics observed in their blood. For instance, six of the astronauts had either stagnant or reverse blood flow from their heads.
The lead author of the study says he doesn't know if that's actually harmful. The blood's still leaving the head from other pathways, so flowing backwards through a jugular vein may not be dangerous. But he says it does show a change in how blood moves through the body while in space.Another issue the study found was blood clots. One astronaut had one.
Another showed signs of a partial blood clot. That is potentially harmful as the clots can block the flow of blood to the lungs. The astronaut who had one was treated for the rest of the spaceflight and made it home safely.What does all this mean?
Well, one researcher says these issues have probably been occurring since humans first ventured into space and that they would likely resolve themselves when astronauts came back down to Earth. Knowing about them now gives doctors something else to monitor when people leave our atmosphere.
重點解析
1. lie down 躺下（休息或睡眠）；Why don't you go upstairs and lie down for a bit?
你不為什麼不上樓去躺一會兒呢？
2. appear to do sth. 好像；似乎；看來；She appeared to be in her late thirties.
看樣子她快四十歲了。
3. complain of 訴說有…病痛；主訴；
He complained of a headache.
他說頭痛。
4. for instance 例如；譬如；There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
在許多地方有了改進,例如,滑鼠的左右鍵都可以使用了。
雙語譯文
Here on Earth where most of us live, we spend about a third of everyday lying down sleeping and two-thirds standing or sitting in an upright position.
在我們大多數人生活的地球上，我們每天花三分之一的時間躺下睡覺，另外三分之二的時間直立站立或坐下。That's not really how it goes in space when people are weightless and the zero gravity environment causes more fluid to shift to the head.
但在太空中卻不是這樣，因為人們在太空中屬於失重狀態，零重力環境會導致更多液體流向頭部。
Faces get puffy, legs lose volume and appear to be smaller.
這會導致臉部浮腫、腿部因體液減少而變得纖瘦。
Many astronauts have complained of eye and back problems after coming back down to Earth and its gravity.
許多太空人在回到地球和正常重力環境後，都會提到眼部和後背感到不適。And now scientists say they've discovered some new risks with long term space flight.
現在科學家表示，他們發現長時間太空飛行還存在其他風險。A study published recently in JAMA Network Open, a medical journal, examined 11 healthy astronauts who'd been on the International Space Station for six months
醫學期刊《美國醫學會雜誌·網絡開放》最近刊登了一項研究，該研究對11名在國際空間站工作了6個月的健康宇宙員進行了檢查。
Eight of the them had unusual characteristics observed in their blood.
其中8名太空人的血液中檢測到了異常特徵。
For instance, six of the astronauts had either stagnant or reverse blood flow from their heads.
舉例來說，6名太空人出現血流停滯或血液倒流進腦部的情況。The lead author of the study says he doesn't know if that's actually harmful.
這項研究的首席作者表示，他不知道這是否會造成損害。The blood's still leaving the head from other pathways, so flowing backwards through a jugular vein may not be dangerous.
血液仍會從其他血管流出頭部，因此血液從頸靜脈倒流可能並不危險。
But he says it does show a change in how blood moves through the body while in space.
但他指出，研究確實說明人們在太空時血液流經身體的方式發生了變化。Another issue the study found was blood clots.
該研究發現的另一個問題是血塊。
One astronaut had one.
一名太空人體內有一個血塊。
Another showed signs of a partial blood clot.
還有一名太空人體內有部分血塊。
That is potentially harmful as the clots can block the flow of blood to the lungs.
由於血塊會妨礙血液流向肺部，因此這可能會造成危害。
The astronaut who had one was treated for the rest of the spaceflight and made it home safely.
有血塊的那名太空人在剩餘的太空飛行期間接受了治療，並安全返回家中。What does all this mean?
這意味著什麼？
Well, one researcher says these issues have probably been occurring since humans first ventured into space and that they would likely resolve themselves when astronauts came back down to Earth.
一名研究員表示，自人類首次進入太空以來，這些問題可能一直在發生，在太空人返回地球後可能會自行解決。
Knowing about them now gives doctors something else to monitor when people leave our atmosphere.
現在，了解這些問題使醫生可以在太空人進入太空時監測其他情況。
來源：51科學美國人,僅供學習分享使用，如有侵權請聯繫（管理員：HH18175998542）進行刪除。非常感謝！
華慧考博英語研究中心整理提供
點擊『閱讀原文』看更多華慧英語輔導課程與資料
點擊上方圖片即可購買！
在考博群，你可以和同為考博的學友
華慧考博每日一練+資源分享：
一起完成每日一練，相互激勵，一起進步！
已入群的同學不要重複加群噢
入群備註：20年考博
醫學統考備註：20年醫學考博
華慧服務號分享：
點擊閱讀全文，查看更多考博英語複習資料>>>
諮詢客服：4006224468報考博英語輔導班有驚喜哦！