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Hello, everybody. This is Elliott from ETJ English, I am your British pronunciation teacher on YouTube.
One of the most frequent questions that I've been receiving recently has really been about the pronunciation differences between British English and American English.
大家好。我是 ETJ 英語頻道的埃利奧特，我是你們在油管上的英式發音老師。我最近收到的最常見的問題之一就是英式英語和美式英語的發音區別。
And I know that lots of YouTubers have made videos about this before, so I'm not gonna talk about the obvious things. So, the obvious things are for example they say garage/ɡrɑ/, I say garage/ɡrɑ/; I say tomato/tmɑt/, they say tomato/tmeto/.
我知道很多油管管主之前都做過關於這個的視頻，所以我就不講這些顯而易見的區別了。那麼，顯而易見的區別是，例如他們說 garage/ɡrɑ/，我說 garage/ɡrɑ/；我說 tomato/tmɑt/，他們說 tomato/tmeto/。
Those are just basic things and that sentence stress. But if we get a bit more technical with the way that we pronounce things in British English and American English, there are some subtle differences that are actually quite important to know which I feel like not enough people know about this.
這些都是基本的東西和句子的重讀。如果我們更專業地了解英式英語和美式英語的發音方式，就會發現一些細微的區別，這些區別非常重要，我認為知道這些區別的人不多。
So, we're gonna focus on this today. Before we start, I want you to write in the comments below in your school when you studied English did you study an American-style English or did you study a British style of English?
所以，我們今天主要講這個。在我們開始之前，我希望你在下面的評論中寫下你在學校學習英語的時候，你是學習美式英語還是英式英語？
I'd love to know. Before we start talking about the two techniques today, the first thing I want to tell you is that British English is a much more frontal and tense accent.
我很想知道。在我們今天開始討論這兩種技巧之前，我想告訴你的第一件事是英式英語是一種更加正式和繃緊的口音。
Americans are a lot more relaxed when they speak. However, in British English we're creating lots of tight shapes.
美國人說話時要放鬆得多。然而，在英式英語中，我們會創造很多緊湊的形狀。
We're moving the mouth from smiles into round shapes. It's changing all of the time and that's what makes it quite difficult to practice and to learn.
我們的嘴巴從微笑形狀變成了圓形。它一直在變化，所以很難練習和學習。
We're a lot more tense in the throat whereas Americans don't push the sound out so much. And our sounds are much shorter.
我們的喉嚨會更緊張，而美國人不會把音發得那麼大。而且我們的音要短得多。
Our vowel sounds especially can be much shorter. And remember there are lots of different accents in the UK.
尤其是我們的元音發音可以短得多。記住，英國有很多不同的口音。
There are also lots of different accents in the U. S.?We don't all talk like Harry Potter or BBC newsreader in England, ok?
美國也有很多不同的口音。我們不是所有人都像哈利·波特或英國 BBC 播音員那樣說話。
I'm from the South of England and my accent might be slightly similar to some of them. But I would say it's a lot more normal and everyday my accent.
我來自英格蘭南部，我的口音可能和他們中的一些人有點相似。但是我想說的是，我的口音更普通和常見。
So, I focus on southern English, that's what we're going to talk about here also. So the first thing is the letter "T", the /t/ sound.
所以我主要講南部英語，這也是我們今天要講的。首先是字母「T」的 /t/ 發音。
Now, just practice it with me. Put your tongue the ridge behind your teeth touching the gum and build up some pressure, some air and release the sound and release the tongue, /t/, /t/, okay?
現在和我一起練習。把你的舌頭放在牙後的牙脊處，觸碰牙齦，形成一些壓力、一些空氣，然後把音發出來，舌頭放鬆，/t/，/t/，明白嗎？
Now, try this word "better". Now, listen to how an American would say, they would say "better".
現在試試這個詞，better。現在聽聽美國人會怎麼說，他們會說 better/bedr/。
Now, what happens there, instead of pronouncing it as /t/, American pronounces it as /d/, better/'bed/, we say better/'bet/. We also use the schwa sound at the end, //, an American pronounces the "r", /r/.
這裡的區別是，美國人不發/t/，而是發/d/, better/'bed/，我們說 better/'bet/。我們也發弱央元音//，美國人發 r 的/r/音。
Another common difference between British and American. And the reason why Americans pronounce it as a /d/ is because when Americans have a "T" that's got two vowels either side, they will pronounce it as /d/.
英式和美式發音的另一個常見區別。而美國人把它讀成 /d/ 的原因是，當一個 T 的兩邊都有兩個元音時，美國人會把它讀成/d/。
For example, we say "water/wt/" in England, but an American would say "water/wdr/". Water/wdr/, with a /d/, my American accent is really bad, you're just gonna have to deal with it.
例如，我們在英國說 water/wt/，但是美國人會說 water/wdr/。Water/wdr/，發/d/音，我的美式口音很糟糕，你們得忍受一下。
So some other words "bottom/btm/", not "bottom/bɑdm/", "bottom/btm/", "settle"/setl/, not "settle/sedl/". So you see those differences, we pronounce the /t/, they do more of /d/ when the "T" is surrounded by two vowels.
還有一些單詞，是 bottom/btm/ 而不是 bottom/bɑdm/，bottom/btm/，settle/setl/ 而不是 settle/sedl/。所以你們看到了這些區別，我們發/t/，當 T 被兩個元音包圍時，他們發更多會發/d/。
So for example, let's just do a sentence and this will help you with practising your "T" more often. "The bottle sank to the bottom of the water."
舉個例子，讓我們來造一個句子，這將會幫助你更多地練習 T。「瓶子沉到了水底。」
"The bottle sank to the bottom of the water." So that's a little tongue twister for you to practice in your free time to ensure that you are pronouncing the "T" all the time.
「瓶子沉到了水底。」這是一個繞口令，你可以在空閒時間練習，以確保你一直在發 T 音。
Now, we do have something in British English called the glottal "T" which is when for example a word like "bottle" could become "bottle". This happens a lot in London, especially with the cockney accent, but people do it all over the south.
現在我們在英式英語中確實有一個叫喉塞 T 的東西，比如像 bottle 這樣的單詞可以變成 bottle/b-l/。這在倫敦很常見，尤其是帶有倫敦腔的人，但是在南方人們都這樣做。
But if you want to sound very clear and for people to understand you at your best, the best thing to do is probably to pronounce your "T"s more often when they're in the middle of a word.
But when they're at the end of a word, for example, a word like "a lot", I would probably just say "a lot/l/" and drop that "T", "a lot/l/", and I cut the "T" out a lot.
但是如果你想讓你的發音非常清晰，讓人們更好明白你的意思，最好的辦法就是當它們在單詞中間的時候，你最好還是把 T 發出來。但是當它們出現在一個單詞的結尾時，比如像 a lot 這樣的單詞，我可能會說 a lot/l/，把 T 省略，a lot/l/，把 T 去掉。
Just because that's what British people do it, it's very common. So we can glottalize the "T" if you want to sound clear, I wouldn't do it in the middle, I would still say "better".
因為英國人就是這麼做的，所以這很常見。我們可以把 T 發成喉塞音，如果你想別人聽得清楚，當它在單詞中間時，我不會這樣做，我還是會 better/bet/。
Now the other thing I wanted to tell you about, so when we have a /t/, /n/, /d/ and we have a /u/ sound after. In British English, we do something kind of interesting and Americans will pronounce it differently.
我要跟你們說的另一件事是，在/t/，/n/，/d/ 音後面有一個 /u:/音的時候。在英式英語中，我們會做一些有趣的事情，而美國人會發不同的音。
For example, if we take the word "News". "News". What I'm doing here is I'm going /n/, /juz/, "news/njuz/" .
舉個例子，如果我們說 News 這個詞。News。我發的音是 /n/，/juz/，「news/njuz/」。
Whereas the American they would say "news/nuz/" and what they're doing there is they're pronouncing it more like it's spelt, /nuz/, news. In British English, we create this /j/ sound and it becomes news/njuz/.
而美國人他們會說 news/nuz/，他們的發音就像這個單詞的拼寫，/nuz/，news。在英式英語中，我們發/j/這個音，它就變成了 news/njuz/。
So this happens when we have particular consonants at the beginning of a word and then an /u/ sound comes after. Another example would be the word "Tuesday".
當一個單詞的開頭有某個輔音，然後在其後面有一個/u:/音的時候就會發生這種情況。另一個例子是單詞 Tuesday。
An American says "Tuesday/tuzde/". So they do /tu/, like it's spelt, "Tuesday".
美國人會說 Tuesday/tuzde/。所以他們發/tu/音，就像它的拼寫一樣，Tuesday。
In British English, we create /j/ and it becomes "Tuesday/tjuzde/". So, that's one way of pronouncing it in British, but another common way to pronounce it in the South would be pronouncing a /t/ sound.
在英式英語中，我們還發了/j/音，然後發音就變成 Tuesday/tuzde/。這是一種英式發音，但南方的另一個常見的發音方式是發/t/ 音。
So, instead of saying it like /tj/, "Tuesday/tjuzde/", a lot of British people will actually say "Tuesday/tuzde/". "See you on Tuesday/tuzde/."
所以，很多英國人不發成/tj/，Tuesday/tjuzde/，而是Tuesday/tuzde/。
So, that's another variation. It's up to you which one you want to do.
這是另一種發音。選擇哪個發音由你自己決定。
If you want to sound more British, you can either do Tuesday/tuzde/ or Tuesday/tjuzde/. But if you want to sound more American, you would do Tuesday/tuzde/.
如果你想聽起來更英式，你可以發成 Tuesday/tuzde/ 或者 Tuesday/tjuzde/。但如果你想聽起來更美式，你可以發成 Tuesday/tuzde/。
Another perfect example is what we're using right now, YouTube. An American, my accent is gonna be so bad now, my American accent.
另一個完美的例子是我們現在正在使用的 YouTube。美國人，我的美式口音很糟糕。
But an American would say something like YouTube/jutub/, YouTube/jutub/, right? But in British English, YouTube/jutjub/. YouTube/jutjub/.
但是美國人會說 YouTube/jutub/, YouTube/jutub/。但如果是英式英語，你可以說 YouTube/jutjub/，YouTube/jutjub/。
And once again, you can either do YouTube/jutub/ like that or you could do YouTube/jutjub/, YouTube/jutjub/. So the word "Tube" is another example.
但同樣，你可以說 YouTube/jutub/，也可以這樣說 YouTube/jutjub/，YouTube/jutjub/。Tube 這個詞是另一個例子。
Tube/tub/, Tube/tjub/. They are the british ways, American, tube/tub/, crazy stuff, right? I know it's really confusing.
Tube/tub/，Tube/tjub/。這兩個是英式發音，美式是 tube/tub/，很瘋狂，對吧？我知道這很讓人困惑。
I hope you found this video useful. If you, did please give me a thumbs up.
我希望這個視頻對你們有用。有用的話，請給我點個讚。
Don't forget to subscribe if you haven't already and hit the notification bell button so you get notified when my videos happen. I do videos every Thursday, so I will see you next Thursday.
還沒訂閱的同學請訂閱並點擊通知鈴鐺，這樣我更新視頻的時候你們就收到通知啦。每周四我會更新視頻，下周四見。
Have a lovely week, cheers guys, bye!
祝你們度過愉快的一周，再見，拜！