科學家繪製出歐洲玉米基因組圖譜
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/7/29 22:42:04
德國慕尼黑工業大學Klaus F. X. Mayer、Chris-Carolin Schön等研究人員合作繪製出歐洲玉米基因組圖譜。這一研究成果於2020年7月27日在線發表在《自然—遺傳學》雜誌上。
研究人員報導了四個歐洲玉米品系的從頭基因組序列組裝。與兩個美國玉米品系的比較分析說明了不同種質之間的明顯差異。雖然總體的基因注釋僅揭示了一定程度的基因組差異,但全基因組比對描述了核心和非必須的基因組,而異色結節和直系同源的長末端重複逆轉錄轉座子分析揭示了玉米基因組的動態。
這些高質量基因組序列能夠與玉米全基因組互補,從而為研究玉米在基因組規模上的改良以及增強現代雜交育種提供了重要的工具。
據悉,玉米的多樣性是現代雜種模式和雜交育種的基礎。在歷史上,美國農民利用這種變異性,利用雜交種建立了如今高產的玉米自交系。
附:英文原文
Title: European maize genomes highlight intraspecies variation in repeat and gene content
Author: Georg Haberer, Nadia Kamal, Eva Bauer, Heidrun Gundlach, Iris Fischer, Michael A. Seidel, Manuel Spannagl, Caroline Marcon, Alevtina Ruban, Claude Urbany, Adnane Nemri, Frank Hochholdinger, Milena Ouzunova, Andreas Houben, Chris-Carolin Schn, Klaus F. X. Mayer
Issue&Volume: 2020-07-27
Abstract: The diversity of maize (Zea mays) is the backbone of modern heterotic patterns and hybrid breeding. Historically, US farmers exploited this variability to establish today’s highly productive Corn Belt inbred lines. Here, we report de novo genome sequences of four European flint lines assembled to pseudomolecules with scaffold N50 ranging from 6.1 to 10.4Mb. Comparative analyses with two US Corn Belt lines explains the pronounced differences between both germplasms. While overall syntenic order and consolidated gene annotations reveal only moderate pangenomic differences, whole-genome alignments delineating the core and dispensable genome, and the analysis of heterochromatic knobs and orthologous long terminal repeat retrotransposons unveil the dynamics of the maize genome. The high-quality genome sequences of the flint pool complement the maize pangenome and provide an important tool to study maize improvement at a genome scale and to enhance modern hybrid breeding.
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0671-9
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-0671-9