Hello, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
Asking questions and giving answers are the basics of great conversation, in English and in any language!
大家好，我是Emma，歡迎大家來到Emma的美味英語！
問問題和回答是對話必須的基本要素，不管是在英語還是在其他任何語言當中！
But, are you doing it correctly in English?
Many of my students can get by, they can get their message across even without the correct structure word order or intonation.
但是，你用英語說的是對的嗎？
我的很多學生可以設法避開這個問題，他們甚至可以不使用正確的結構、單詞順序和語調就可以傳遞他們想要表達的信息。
But, it makes for a very bumpy awkward conversation!
In this lesson, I want to help you improve the structure of your questions, so that they flow smoothly, clearly, and automatically!
但是，這會讓對話變得非常的尷尬！
在本節課程中，我想要幫助大家改善問題的結構，這樣它們就會聽起來更加流暢、清晰和自然。
And finally you can start enjoying English conversations!
It's important to spend some time improving your Q&A skills!
最後你就會開始享受英文對話啦！
花點時間提升自己的問問題和回答問題的技能是非常重要的。
Have you heard that before? Q&A? It stands for question and answers.
你之前聽說過嗎？問答？它的意思是問題和答案。
You might have heard it somewhere before, Q&A.
First up, let's review question structure in English.
你可能之前聽到過這個表達，問答。
首先，讓我們回復一下英文問題的結構吧。
Now, the good news is that English questions are fairly consistent and easy to follow because they have a clear structure.
There are four main parts that you need to keep in mind.
好的，好消息是英語問題都比較一致，也很容易模仿，因為它們的結構比較清晰。
有四點你需要牢記在心。
The first part: question words.
Then number two is your auxiliary verb or your helping verb: be, do or have.
第一部分是：疑問詞。
第二個是你的助動詞，be，do和have。
It can also be a modal auxiliary verb like can or will or should.
Thirdly, you need your subject.
也可以是像can，will或者should這種情態動詞。
第三呢，你需要主語。
I, you, we, etc.
And your main verb, any verb!
我啊，你啊，我們啊等等。
然後就是你的主動詞啦，任何動詞都可以！
These are the four things that you need and you need them in that order, every time!
Okay, let's try with some examples, ready?
這是你所需要的四個元素，而你需要按順序使用它們，每次都是這樣哦！
好的，讓我來用例子來試一下，準備好了嗎？
Where do you live?
Question word, auxiliary, subject, main verb!
你住在哪裡？
疑問詞、助動詞、主語和主動詞！
What do you like about it?
Question word, auxiliary, subject, main verb!
你覺得這怎麼樣啊？
疑問詞，助動詞，主語，主動詞！
How long have you been living there?
Question phrase, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb!
你住在這裡多久了？
疑問短語，助動詞，主語，主動詞！
Okay, so what about this type of question?
Do you live in England?
好的，那這種類型的問題呢？你住在英國嗎？
In this question, we don't have a question word but we do have all of the other parts of the English question structure.
We don't have the question word but we do have the auxiliary verb (do), the subject (you) and the main verb (live).
在這個問題裡，是沒有疑問詞的，但是英語問題結構的其他的部分都是有的。
雖然沒有疑問詞，但是我們有助動詞do，主語you和主動詞live。
It's as simple as that, every time!
This type of question is perfectly acceptable too.
就是這麼簡單，每次都是這樣！
這種類型的問題也是完全可以接受的呢。
You don't need to have a question word.
There are two types of questions in English, closed questions, the questions which start with an auxiliary verb and open questions, questions which start with a question word or a question phrase.
不需要一定要有一個疑問詞。
英文中有兩種類型的問題，封閉式問題，也就是以助動詞開頭的問題，以及開放式問題，也就是以疑問詞或者疑問短語開頭的問題。
Keep that in mind for a few minutes.
Questions that start with an auxiliary verb or a helping verb are closed questions because they require just a simple answer, yes or no.
先記住這個哦。
以助動詞開頭的問題是封閉式問題，因為它們的答案非常簡單，是，或者否。
The detail is not really important. Do you like the soup?
細節不是特別重要。你喜歡湯嗎？
No, I don't. Can you help me for a minute?
不，我不喜歡。你能幫我一下下嘛？
Yeah, I can. Have you been to Italy?
是的，當然可以啦。你去過義大利嗎？
No, I haven't. Are you enjoying the movie?
不，我沒去過。你喜歡這部電影嗎？
Yeah, I am. Another good tip here is the connection between the question and the answer.
是的，我很喜歡呢。另一個很棒的技巧就是問題和答案之間的銜接。
See how the answer directly responds to the information in the question. Are you?
看一下答案是如何直接和問題中的信息掛鈎的。是嗎？
Yeah, I am. No, I'm not.
是的呢。不，我不是。
Have you? No, I haven't.
你做過嗎？我，我沒有。
Yeah, I have.
There are lots of patterns in English questions, so if you start paying attention to the detail, you'll really be able to improve your grammar.
是的，我做過。
英文問題有很多模式，所以如果你開始關注細節的話，你的語法肯定可以提高。
Questions that start with a question word are open questions and they're questions that require more information in the answer.
Not just 'Have you been to Italy? '
以疑問詞開頭的問題是開放性問題，這些問題需要回答中給出更多的信息。
不只是「你去過義大利嗎？」
But, 'When did you go? '
I went last year!
而是「你什麼時候去的？」
我去年去的。
How long did you stay there?
I stayed there for 3 months.
你在那裡呆了多久？
我在那裡呆了三個月。
Why did you go there? I went to study and learn Italian!
你為什麼去那裡啊？我去學習義大利語！
A good rule of thumb is that closed questions are great for confirming information about people. Do you live there?
一個很好的經驗就是封閉式問題比較適合用來確認信息。你住在那裡嗎？
Once you confirm the answer then you can use open questions to learn more about them, their experiences, their opinions, their recommendations.
How long does it take to drive there?
一旦你確定了答案，就可以使用開放式問題來了解關於他們更多的信息，他們的經歷，他們的觀點，以及他們的建議。
開車去那裡要多久啊？
What's the best restaurant to try?
What's the weather like at this time of year?
一定要嘗試的餐館是哪一家啊？
每年的這個時候天氣是什麼樣的啊？
What's the best thing about living there?
Again, let me show you that the question structure always stays the same, question word, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb.
住在那裡最棒的是什麼啊？
讓我再給大家展示一下問題的結構一直是相同的吧，疑問詞、助動詞、主語和主動詞。
So, the most obvious difference between open and closed questions is the question word.
But there is another noticeable difference and that's intonation.
所以呢，開放性和封閉性問題的最明顯差別就是疑問詞。
但是還有一個很明顯的差別，那就是語調。
Intonation is the way that your voice rises and falls when we speak.
The intonation of your question depends on the type of question that it is.
語調是當我們說話的時候，你的聲音上升和下降的方式。
你的問題語調取決於你的問題類型。
For closed questions, so questions with auxiliary verbs, your intonation goes up at the end.
Do you like them?
那麼封閉性問題呢，這些問題是以助動詞開頭的，在問題結束的時候要用升調。
你喜歡他們嗎？
Are you hungry? Open questions that require more information in the answers usually go down in intonation.
你餓了嗎？需要在答案中提供更多信息的開放性問題在結束的時候通常都是降調。
Why do you like them? What do you want to eat?
你為什麼喜歡他們？你想吃什麼？
An important thing to think about all the time, but especially when you're trying to use questions correctly, is making sure that your subject and your auxiliary verb match.
When you're using an auxiliary verb in English questions, and in regular sentences too, your main verb stays in the infinitive form and your auxiliary verb needs to change, depending on the subject and also the tense.
大家一直都要考慮的一件事情，尤其是當你想要正確地問問題的話，那就是確保你的主語和主動詞的搭配是正確的。
當你在英文問題中使用助動詞的時候，當然在一般的句子裡面也是這樣，你的主動詞是不定式，而助動詞需要根據主語和時態進行相應的變化。
For example: Do you live in London?
比如說：你住在倫敦嗎？
The auxiliary verb matches the subject.
If our subject changes to 'he' then we need to change our auxiliary verb to match it.
助動詞和主語是搭配的。
如果你的主語變成了「他」的話，我們就需要改變助動詞來與其搭配。
Does he live in London? Have they tried it?
他住在倫敦嗎？他們嘗試過嗎？
Has she tried it? Where was he living before?
他試過嗎？他之前住在哪裡呢？
Where were they living before?
So, the relationship between the auxiliary verb and the subject is one that you need to pay close attention to.
他們之前住在哪裡呢？
所以呢，大家一定要非常注意助動詞和主語之間的關係。
Now, I want to warn you, in real conversation things get loose, fast, and sometimes grammatically incorrect.
Most native English speakers can be a bit cheeky and a bit lazy at times, especially when they're speaking!
好的，我想要告訴大家的是，在真實的對話當中，情況就比較寬鬆，大家就說的很快，有時候語法會出現錯誤。
大多數英語母語者有時候可能會有點懶惰，尤其是他們在說話的時候！
So, you need to listen for key pieces of information plus intonation and try to just go with the flow.
One very common example of this is with closed questions, ones that start with an auxiliary verb, they can be shortened!
所以，你需要注意聽關鍵信息，還有語調，順其自然就行了。
一個非常常見的例子是以助動詞開頭的封閉性問題，它們一般就會被截短！
So, the question 'Do you want to get something to eat? ' can become 'Want to get something to eat?
The intonation is important here so that you know that it's a question.
所以，「你想吃點東西嗎？」有時候會變成「想吃點東西嗎？」
語調在這裡非常重要，這樣你才能知道這是個問題。
The intonation goes up because it's a closed question. Want to get something to eat?
因為是個封閉式問題，所以語調是升調。想吃點東西嗎？
Okay, well, be sure to download my cheat sheet and audio guide to help you practice using questions correctly.
You can get it right here.
好的， 記得一定要下載我的「小抄」還有音頻指導，幫助大家練習正確地問問題。就在這裡。
So, there was a lot to take in that lesson and I'll definitely link to some other video lessons that I've made that will help you practice auxiliary verbs, subject verb agreement and question intonation.
Right here, here and maybe I'll put one here too!
所以呢，那節課程中有很多內容，我也會放上其他視頻課程的連結，這些課程會幫助大家練習助動詞、主語動詞的一致還有問題語調。
就在這裡，我可能也會在這裡放一個！
Be sure to subscribe to my channel by clicking the red button, just over there! And I release new lessons and worksheets every week.
一定點擊紅色按鈕要訂閱我的頻道，就在那裡！我每周都會發布新課程還有練習題。
So, I hope to see you in the next lesson!
Bye for now!
所以呢，我希望在下節課程中見到大家！
拜拜！