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2015-2-4(星期三) 豫川對醫生說︱ Mohler氏單側唇裂修復術定點
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Mohler氏單側唇裂修復術定點
Mohler Markings (Nose Unilateral)
1. 白唇定點 White Roll Points
改良Mohler唇裂修復術的白唇定點與經典Millard唇裂修復術類似。標記Cupid弓的非裂隙側的高度和厚度。使用遊標卡尺測量這個距離,然後確立cupid弓的裂隙側高度並標記。側唇的白唇嵴定點可以通過三種方法決定。一、與Millard的所描述的方法一樣,使用Cupid弓的高度和到外側口角的距離決定白唇嵴的位置。二、Noordhoff法,通常在紅唇最厚處的唇弓標記白唇嵴定點。三、第三種方法即本病例採用的方法。先測量非裂隙側上唇的高度,這個距離通常是25px。側唇高度的測量,從鼻翼基部的內側至白唇的距離即為上唇的高度。然後,白唇嵴四個定點使用美蘭標記。
The extended Mohler cleft lip repair usessimilar white roll markings of the classic Millard cleft lip repair. The heightand depth of the Cupids bow are marked on the unaffected side. This distance ismeasured with a caliper, and the height of the Cupids bow on the affected sideis then marked. The white roll mark on the lateral lip element can bedetermined by three methods. The distance between the height of the Cupids bowand the lateral commissure may be used, as described by Millard. Noordhoffdescribes using the point of the white roll corresponding to the widest segmentof vermillion. A third method, used in this case, entails measuring the heightof the upper lip on the non-cleft side. This distance is usually 1.0 cm, andthis is measured on the lateral lip from the medial aspect of the alar base todetermine the mark made on the white roll. All four white roll points are thentattooed.
2. Mohler反轉切口 Mohler Back Cut
在鼻小柱標記改良Mohler法反轉切口的尖端,其位置大約高於鼻小柱-上唇交界處1.5mm,佔鼻小柱寬度的4/7,並越過鼻小柱朝向非裂隙側。反轉切口的下方範圍標記於鼻小柱和上唇人中嵴之間。小心不要將此標記延伸到上唇,因為這樣做會在唇裂修復時延長上唇長度。然後將反轉切口的尖端與裂隙側唇弓的高度相連。仔細地將此切口輕微的彎曲向外。然後將回切切口標記為一條直線。
The apex of the extended Mohler back cut isthen marked on the columella, approximately 1.5 mm superior to the border ofthe columella with the upper lip and 4/7 across the columella towards the non-cleft side. The inferior extent of the back cut is marked at the junctionbetween the columella and the philtral line of the upper lip. Care is taken notto extend this mark onto the upper lip, as this would elongate the upper lipduring cleft lip repair. The apex of the back cut is then connected to theheight of the Cupids bow on the cleft side, with care to bend this incisionslightly outward. The back cut is then marked as a straight line.
3. C瓣和M瓣的製備 C-Flap and M-Flap
使用傳統方式標記C瓣和M瓣。描畫C瓣時,儘可能的多帶些白唇組織。M瓣可包含受區切口,與將來的紅唇三角瓣縫合。
The C-flap and the M-flap are marked in theusual fashion. When drawing the C-flap, care is taken to incorporate as muchwhite lip into the C-flap as possible. The M-flap can include a receivingincision for a vermillion triangular flap.
4. 鼻翼基部和L瓣 Alar Base and L-Flap
沿著裂隙側鼻翼皺褶做一小切口,仔細避免將其延伸到鼻翼基部周圍。側唇標記L-瓣時首先在白唇嵴下方1.0mm邊緣做一切口。這一標記垂直橫跨白唇嵴,然後輕微的呈曲線與之前所畫鼻翼皺褶處的標記接合。L瓣的剩餘部分可以通過三角瓣或不加三角瓣製備。與Noordhoff所述一樣。設計L瓣時,仔細描記其僅僅位於牙槽突上方。此舉使L瓣的基部位於鼻腔外側壁而非牙槽突。與最初Millard法所述一致。
A small incision is marked along the alar creaseon the cleft side with care not to extend this incision around the alar base.The border of the L-flap is then marked by first marking an incision 1.0 mminferior to the white roll mark on the lateral lip element. This mark thentransects the white roll perpendicularly and then curves swiftly and softly tomeet the medial edge of the previously made mark on the alar crease. Theremainder of the L-flap can then be made with or without the addition of atriangular flap, as described by Noordhoff. When marking the L-flap, care istaken in this case to extend the mark just superior to the alveolus. This willbase the L-flap off of the lateral nasal wall and not the alveolus, asoriginally described by Millard.
摘自SmileTrain---Virtual Surgery Simulator Script
學習體會
翻轉切口BACK CUT是「旋轉-推進」的一個重大進步。1958年,當Millard提出Rotation-Advancement Principle時,並沒有Back cut的概念。經過一段時間的臨床應用之後,他發現,很多病例僅僅是簡單的Rotation很難使移位的唇峰下降到正常高度,於是在1968年提出了Back cut的方法。之後,就Back cut的設計很多學者提出了不同的思考,Mohler法就是其中具有代表性的一種。他的理念是這樣可以適當延長鼻小柱,另外,可以是C瓣隱蔽,切口縫合之後更趨於人中嵴的模擬。
上世紀90年代初,在對Mohler法體會了一些病例之後,本人依舊回到了以前的方法。之後,也再沒有特別關注Mohler的切口設計,儘管近些年國內很多醫生熱衷於這一方法。目前本人對Back cut的應用是,頂點設計在鼻小柱基部正中,反轉切口終止在人中嵴內側與兩唇峰平分線的交界點上,但最終會在Rotation之後根據唇峰下降的程度來進行微調確定。需要說明的是,反轉切口縫合後的瘢痕是比較明顯的。不知道為什麼唇部其它部位的縫合瘢痕並不明顯,而獨獨反轉切口的瘢痕明顯,是不是沒有考慮到和沒有處理這裡微小的張力?抑或是原本不該在一起的組織,我們通過縫合強行使之吻合,組織的「記憶」倔犟地叛逆我們人為的強迫?
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