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所有的解釋、詞夥、例句搭配來自於牛津高階英漢詞典OALD、Collins雙解詞典、麥克米倫詞典macmillan Dictionary 等
我的叨叨：
An Hour of Running May Add 7 Hours to Your Life
跑步1小時，壽命延長7小時
Running may be the single most effective exercise to increase life expectancy, according to a new review and analysis of past research about exercise and premature death. The new study found that, compared to nonrunners, runners tended to live about three additional years, even if they run slowly or sporadically and smoke, drink or are overweight. No other form of exercise that researchers looked at showed comparable impacts on life span.
the single biggest / greatest etc used to emphasize that you are talking about the one thing that is the biggest, greatest etc 最大的/最偉大的等*Cigarette smoking is the single most important cause of lung cancer.抽菸是導致肺癌的最重要的原因。 *Tourism is the country's single biggest earner.旅遊業是這個國家最大的收入來源。
increase life expectancy 延長預期壽命
premature death 早逝；過早死亡
compared to / with sth used when considering the size, quality, or amount of something in relation to something similar（尺寸、質量或數量）與某事物相比 *a 20% reduction in burglary compared with last year與去年相比入室盜竊案發率 20% 的下降 *Compared to our small flat, Bill's house seemed like a palace.和我們的小公寓相比，比爾的房子就像是宮殿。
sporadic [spəˈrædɪk] adj.happening fairly often, but not regularly 偶爾發生的，零星的=intermittent *There has been sporadic violence downtown.市中心偶有暴力事件發生。
sporadically [spəˈrædɪ.kli] adv.*She attended lectures only sporadically. 她只是偶爾聽聽課。*Fighting continued sporadically for ten months. 戰鬥斷斷續續地進行了兩個月。
life span n.(also lifespan)the average length of time that someone will live or that something will continue to work（人的）平均壽命;（物的）使用壽命 *Men have a shorter lifespan than women.男性的平均壽命比女性短。a lifespan of 5 days / 10 years etc *A TV set has an average lifespan of 11 years.電視機的平均使用壽命為 11 年。
comparable [ˈkɒmpərəbl] adj. ~ (to / with sb / sth)
1.similar to something else in size, number, quality etc, so that you can make a comparison（在大小、數量、質量等方面）類似的，相當的; 可相比的 *A car of comparable size would cost far more abroad.同樣大小的汽車在國外要貴得多。comparable figures / data / results *comparable figures for the same period of time last year去年同期的可比數據 *The planet Pluto is comparable in size to the moon.冥王星的大小和月球差不多。
2. being equally important, good, bad etc（重要性、好壞等）同等的，可相提並論的 *These two artists just aren't comparable.這兩位藝術家不可同日而語。*His poetry is hardly comparable with Shakespeare's. 他的詩不能與莎士比亞的詩相提並論。
對以前的一項關於鍛鍊和過早死亡的研究所做的最新回顧和分析表明，在延長人均預期壽命方面，跑步或許是最有效的一種運動。新的研究發現，比起不跑步的人，跑步的人通常可以多活三年左右，即便他們跑得很慢或三天打魚兩天曬網，還吸菸或超重。研究人員評估過的其他任何運動形式，它們對壽命的影響力都沒能與跑步相媲美。
The findings come as a follow-up to a study done three years ago, in which a group of distinguishedexercise scientists scrutinizeddata from a large trove of medical and fitness tests conducted at the Cooper Institute in Dallas. That analysis found that as little as five minutes of daily running was associated with prolonged life spans.
come as a surprise / relief / blow etc (to sb) to make someone feel surprised, pleased, disappointed etc 使（某人）驚奇/鬆一口氣/受到打擊等 *The decision came as a great relief to us all.這個決定讓我們大家都鬆了一大口氣。*The news will come as no surprise to his colleagues.他的同事對這個消息一點都不會感到驚奇。
follow-up
n. [C, U] an action or a thing that continues sth that has already started or comes after sth similar that was done earlier後續行動；後續事物 *The book is a follow-up to her excellent television series. 這本書是繼她的優秀電視系列片之後的又一力作。
adj. [only before noun]done in order to find out more or do more about something後續的 *a follow-up study on children and poverty對兒童與貧困方面的後續研究
1. successful, respected, and admired卓越的，傑出的 *a long and distinguished career多年輝煌的職業生涯
2. dressed in neat and attractive clothes that are worn by adults, not looking like a young person衣著高雅的，氣度不凡的 *a tall distinguished figure in a dark suit穿深色套裝、氣度不凡的高個子
scrutinize [ˈskruːtɪnaɪz] v.to look at or examine sb / sth carefully仔細查看；認真檢查；細緻審查 *She leaned forward to scrutinize their faces. 她探身向前，端詳他們的面容。 *The statement was carefully scrutinized before publication. 聲明在發表前經過仔細審查。
trove n.(also treasure trove)
1. [C, usually sing.] a place, book, etc. containing many useful or beautiful things寶藏，寶庫（貯藏珍寶、知識等）
2. [U, C, usually sing.] valuable things that are found hidden and whose owner is unknown 無主財寶
上述結論是三年前的一項研究的後續成果，在那項研究中，一群傑出的運動科學家仔細分析了達拉斯庫珀研究所(Cooper Institute)所做大量醫學和體能測試的數據。分析結果顯示，即便每天只跑步五分鐘，也與壽命的延長有關聯。
After that study was released, the researchers were inundated with queries from fellow scientists and the general public, says Duck-chul Lee, a professor of kinesiology at Iowa State University and co-author of the study. Some people asked if other activities, such as walking, were likely to be as beneficial as running for reducing mortality risks.
1. be inundated (with / by sth) to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all 收到太多（某物）而應接不暇=swamp *After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more information.節目播出之後，太多人要求提供詳情，令我們應接不暇。
2. (formal) to cover an area with a large amount of water 淹沒=flood *The tidal wave inundated vast areas of cropland.海嘯淹沒了大片農田。
fellow [ˈfeləʊ] adj.[only before noun] used to describe sb who is the same as you in some way, or in the same situation 同類的；同事的；同伴的；同情況的 *fellow members / citizens / workers 同一組織的成員；同胞；同事 *my fellow passengers on the train和我同火車的旅伴
the general public人民群眾；一般大眾
reduce mortality risks 降低死亡風險
那篇論文的共同作者、艾奧瓦州立大學(Iowa State University)運動學教授李德銖（Duck-chul Lee，音）說，論文發表後，來自科學家同行和普通民眾的大量問詢讓研究人員應接不暇。一些人問他們，在降低死亡風險方面，散步等其他運動是否和跑步有著一樣的效果。
High-mileage runners wondered if they could be doing too much, and if at some undefined number of miles or hours, running might become counterproductive and even contribute to premature mortality.
high-mileage runner長距離跑者
counterproductive [,kauntəprə』dʌktiv] adj.having the opposite effect to the one which was intended 產生相反效果；事與願違；適得其反 [經濟學人4.15.Rural education in China] Chinese schools discriminate against 60% of the population. This is both cruel and counterproductive. [複習]
[同義替換]premature mortality= premature death 早逝；過早死亡
長距離跑步者想知道，他們是不是跑得太多了，當跑步裡程或時長達到某個尚未明確的點之後，跑步會不會起反作用，甚至促成過早死亡。
And a few people questioned whether running really added materially to people’s life spans. Could it be, they asked rather peevishly, that if in order to reduce your risk of dying by a year, you had to spend the equivalent of a year’s worth of time on the trails or track, producing no discernible net gain?
questioned whether= ask if… [寫作]
materially adv.
1.(formal) in a big enough or strong enough way to change a situation極大地; 強有力地; 實質性地 *This would materially affect US security.這將會嚴重影響美國的安全。
2. in relation to possessions and money, rather than the needs of a person's mind or soul物質上<->spiritually *Materially, we are better off than ever before.在物質上我們比以前任何時候都更富有。
peevish [ˈpiːvɪʃ] adj.easily annoyed by small and unimportant things 易動怒的，脾氣壞的 =bad-tempered *The kids were peevish after so long in the car.孩子們坐了這麼長時間的汽車，隨時會發脾氣。
peevishly adv. *Brian sighed peevishly.布賴恩氣惱地嘆了口氣。
[同義替換]reduce risk of dying=reduce mortality risks 降低死亡風險
equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]
n.something that has the same value, purpose, job etc as something else 等同物; 等價物; 對應物 *The word has no equivalent in English.這個詞在英語中沒有對應詞。~ of *He had drunk the equivalent of 15 whiskies.他喝了相當於 15 杯威士忌酒。
adj. having the same value, purpose, job etc as a person or thing of a different kind 等值的; 等同的; 相當的 ~ to *a qualification which is equivalent to a degree相當於學位的資歷*I had no dollars, but offered him an equivalent amount of sterling.我沒有美金，但給了他等值的英鎊。
discernible [dɪˈsɜː.nɪbladj.If something is discernible, you can see it or recognize that it exists. 看得清的；辨別得出 *Far away the outline of the island is just discernible.遠處，島嶼輪廓僅依稀可辨。*There has been no discernible overall trend since 1975.自1975年以來一直沒有一個明朗的大趨勢。
net gain 淨收益
net adj. [usually before noun] a net amount of money is the amount that remains when nothing more is to be taken away 淨得的；純的 *a net profit of £500 500 英鎊的純利潤 *net income / earnings (= after tax has been paid) 純收入
gross [grəʊs] adj. [only before noun] being the total amount of sth before anything is taken away 總的；毛的 *gross weight (= including the container or wrapping) 毛重 *gross income/wage (= before taxes, etc. are taken away)（稅前）總收益/工資 *Investments showed a gross profit of 26%.投資毛利為26%。
還有少數人懷疑，跑步是否真的能在實際意義上延長人的壽命。他們怒衝衝地問到：為了降低死亡風險，讓自己多活一年，你不得不把同樣長的時間花在賽道或馬路上，淨收益是不是微乎其微？
So for the new study, which was published in March in Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, Lee and his colleagues set out to address those and related issues by reanalyzing data from the Cooper Institute and also examining results from a number of other large-scale recent studies looking into the associations between exercise and mortality.
set out to do sth to begin a job, task, etc. with a particular aim or goal（懷著目標）開始工作，展開任務 *She set out to break the world record. 她一心努力要打破世界紀錄。 *They succeeded in what they set out to do.他們實現了既定的目標。
large-scale ['lɑ:dʒ'skeil] adj.[usually before noun]
1. involving many people or things, especially over a wide area 大規模的；大批的；大範圍的 *large-scale development 大規模的開發 *the large-scale employment of women 對婦女大批的僱用
2. (of a map, model, etc.) drawn or made to a scale that shows a small area of land or a building in great detail（地圖、模型等）按大比例繪製（或製作）的；大比例尺的 <->small-scale
於是，在這項新研究中，李德銖及其同事著手解答上述疑問以及相關問題，他們重新分析了來自庫珀研究所的數據，還檢驗了近來其他著眼於運動與死亡之間關聯的大規模研究的成果。
Over all, this new review reinforced the findings of the earlier research, the scientists determined. Cumulatively, the data indicated that running, whatever someone’s pace or mileage, dropped a person’s risk of premature death by almost 40%, a benefit that held true even when the researchers controlled for smoking, drinking and a history of health problems such as hypertension or obesity.
hold true to be true, or to remain true有效；實用
hypertension [ˌhaɪpəˈtentʃən] n.[U] (medical)blood pressure that is higher than is normal高血壓 *He suffered from hypertension and accompanying heart problems.他患有高血壓和由此引起的心臟問題。
科學家們認為，總的來說，這項新的回顧性研究夯實了早前的研究結論。相關數據逐漸表明，不論速度快慢、裡程長短，跑步都可以讓一個人過早死亡的風險下降約40%，即便在研究人員剔除吸菸、飲酒以及高血壓、肥胖之類過往病史等因素後也是如此。
Using those numbers, the scientists then determined that if every nonrunner who had been part of the reviewed studies took up the sport, there would have been 16% fewer deaths over all and 25% fewer fatal heart attacks. (One caveat: The participants in those studies were mostly white and middle class.)
part of sth n.[U]some but not all of a thing 部分（注意：這一含義part不可數，前面不用a） *Part of the building was destroyed in the fire. 大樓的一部份毀於火災。[金融時報3.8.Overseas jobs demand the extra mile] For Andrea Huggard-Caine, being sent to Italy as part of a team that was handling a Citibank acquisition in the 1980s was life-changing.對於安德裡亞·哈加德-凱恩來說，在80年代花旗銀行的一筆收購交易中作為團隊一員被派往義大利，是改變人生的一件大事。[複習]
take sth ↔ up to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it對某事產生興趣; 開始花時間從事某事*Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.羅傑有段時間對繪畫產生了興趣，但很快就又失去了興趣。 *She has taken up (= started to learn to play)the oboe.她學起吹雙簧管來了。
caveat [ˈkæviæt] n.[C](formal) a warning that something may not be completely true, effective etc 警告，提醒，告誡 caveat that *She will be offered treatment, with the caveat that it may not work.她將會接受治療，但醫生提醒她治療不一定有效。 *There was one caveat: he was not to enter into a merger or otherwise weaken the Roche family's control of the firm.有一點需要預先聲明：他不得參與合併，或以其他方式削弱羅奇家族對該公司的控制。
藉助這些數據，科學家們隨後確定，他們檢驗的那些研究中的不跑步者如果開始跑步，總體死亡率會下降16%，致命性心臟病發作的風險會下降25%。（需要說明的是，那些研究中的受試者大多是白人和中產階級。）
（未完待續）
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