American Economic Review 雜誌2016年全年共刊發論文約140篇，其中公共經濟學相關論文12篇，具體如下：
6月
Do Schools Matter for High Math Achievement? Evidence from the American Mathematics Competitions
Ellison,Glenn; Swanson, Ashley
Abstract: This paper uses data from the AmericanMathematics Competitions to examine the rates at which different high schoolsproduce high-achieving math students. There are large differences in thefrequency with which students from seemingly similar schools reach highachievement levels. The distribution of unexplained school effects includes a thicktail of schools that produce many more high-achieving students than is typical.Several additional analyses suggest that the differences are not primarily dueto unobserved differences in student characteristics. The differences arepersistent across time, suggesting that differences in the effectiveness ofeducational programs are not primarily due to direct peer effects.
Does Affirmative Action Work? Caste, Gender, College Quality, and Academic Success in India
Bagde,Surendrakumar; Epple, Dennis; Taylor, Lowell
Abstract: Public policy in modern India featuresaffirmative action programs intended to reduce inequality that stems from acenturies-old caste structure and history of disparate treatment by gender. Westudy the effects of one such affirmative action program: an admissions policythat fixes percentage quotas, common across more than 200 engineering colleges,for disadvantaged castes and for women. We show that the program increasescollege attendance of targeted students, particularly at relativelyhigher-quality institutions. An important concern is that affirmative actionmight harm intended beneficiaries by placing them in academic programs forwhich they are ill-prepared. We find no evidence of such adverse impacts.
4月
The Long-Run Impact of Cash Transfers to Poor Families
Aizer,Anna; Eli, Shari; Ferrie, Joseph; Lleras-Muney, Adriana
Abstract: We estimate the long-run impact of cashtransfers to poor families on children's longevity, educational attainment,nutritional status, and income in adulthood. To do so, we collectedindividual-level administrative records of applicants to the Mothers' Pensionprogram--the first government-sponsored welfare program in the United States(1911-1935)--and matched them to census, WWII, and death records. Male childrenof accepted applicants lived one year longer than those of rejected mothers.They also obtained one-third more years of schooling, were less likely to beunderweight, and had higher income in adulthood than children of rejectedmothers.
Fiscal Policy and Economic Recovery: The Case of the 1936 Veterans' Bonus
Hausman,Joshua K.
Abstract: Conventional wisdom has it that in the 1930sfiscal policy did not work because it was not tried. This paper shows thatfiscal policy was tried in 1936. The veterans' bonus of 1936 paid 2 percent ofGDP to 3.2 million veterans; the typical veteran received a payment equal toper capita income. Multiple sources, including a household consumption survey,show that veterans spent the majority of their bonus. Point estimates of theMPC are between 0.6 and 0.75. Spending was concentrated on cars and housing inparticular.
Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net
Hoynes,Hilary; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore; Almond, Douglas
Abstract: We examine the impact of a positive andpolicy-driven change in economic resources available in utero and duringchildhood. We focus on the introduction of the Food Stamp Program, which wasrolled out across counties between 1961 and 1975. We use the Panel Study ofIncome Dynamics to assemble unique data linking family background and county ofresidence in early childhood to adult health and economic outcomes. Ourfindings indicate access to food stamps in childhood leads to a significantreduction in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and, for women, an increase ineconomic self-sufficiency.
3月
UniversityDifferences in the Graduation of Minorities in STEM Fields: Evidence fromCalifornia
Arcidiacono,Peter; Aucejo, Esteban M.; Hotz, V. Joseph
Abstract: We examine differences in minority sciencegraduation rates among University of California campuses when racialpreferences were in place. Less prepared minorities at higher ranked campuseshad lower persistence rates in science and took longer to graduate. We estimatea model of students' college major choice where net returns of a science majordiffer across campuses and student preparation. We find less prepared minoritystudents at top ranked campuses would have higher science graduation rates hadthey attended lower ranked campuses. Better matching of science students touniversities by preparation and providing information about students' prospectsin different major-university combinations could increase minority sciencegraduation.
The Effect of Unemployment Benefits and Nonemployment Durations on Wages
Schmieder,Johannes F.; von Wachter, Till; Bender, Stefan
Abstract: We estimate that unemployment insurance (UI)extensions reduce reemployment wages using sharp age discontinuities in UIeligibility in Germany. We show this effect combines two key policy parameters:the effect of UI on reservation wages and the effect of nonemployment durationson wage offers. Our framework implies if UI extensions do not affect wagesconditional on duration, then reservation wages do not bind. We deriveresulting instrumental variable estimates for the effect of nonemploymentdurations on wage offers and bounds for reservation wage effects. The effect ofUI on wages we find arises mainly from substantial negative nonemploymentduration effects.
Taxpayer Confusion: Evidence from the Child Tax Credit
Feldman,Naomi E.; Katuscak, Peter; Kawano, Laura
Abstract: Wedevelop an empirical test for whether households understand or misperceivetheir marginal tax rate. Our identifying variation comes from the loss of theChild Tax Credit when a child turns 17. Using this age discontinuity, we findthat despite this tax liability increase being lump-sum and predictable,households reduce their reported wage income upon discovering they have lostthe credit. This finding suggests that households misinterpret at least part ofthis tax liability change as an increase in their marginal tax rate. Thisevidence supports the hypothesis that tax complexity can cause confusion andleads to unintended behavioral responses.
2月
Redistributionand Social Insurance
Golosov, Mikhail; Troshkin, Maxim; Tsyvinski, Aleh
Abstract: We study optimal redistribution and insurance ina life-cycle economy with private idiosyncratic shocks. We characterize Paretooptima, show the forces determining optimal labor distortions, and deriveclosed form expressions for their limiting behavior. The labor distortions forhigh-productivity shocks are determined by the labor elasticity and the highermoments of the shock process; the labor distortions for low-productivity shocksare determined by the autocorrelation of the shock process, redistributiveobjectives, and past distortions. In a model calibrated using newly availableestimates of idiosyncratic shocks, the labor distortions are U-shaped and thesavings distortions generally increase in current earnings.
The Politics of Compromise
Bonatti, Alessandro; Rantakari, Heikki
Abstract: An organization must select among competingprojects that differ in their payoff consequences for its members. Each agentchooses a project and exerts effort affecting its completion time. When one ormore projects are complete, the agents select which one to adopt. The selectionrule for multiple projects that maximizes ex post welfare leads toinefficiently high polarization; rules that favor later proposals improve uponex post optimal selections. The optimal degree of favoritism increases in thecost of effort and discount rate. This trade-off informs the design of processrules in standard-setting organizations and helps explain their performance.
1月
Generalized Social Marginal Welfare Weights for Optimal Tax Theory
Saez, Emmanuel; Stantcheva, Stefanie
Abstract: This paper proposes to evaluate tax reforms byaggregating money metric losses and gains of different individuals using"generalized social marginal welfare weights." Optimum tax formulastake the same form as standard welfarist tax formulas by simply substitutingstandard marginal social welfare weights with those generalized weights.Weights directly capture society's concerns for fairness without beingnecessarily tied to individual utilities. Suitable weights can help reconcilediscrepancies between the welfarist approach and actual tax practice, as wellas unify in an operational way the most prominent alternatives toutilitarianism such as Libertarianism, equality of opportunity, or povertyalleviation.
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