作者：金杜律師事務所 張運帷 黃建雯
This article was written by Mark Zhang and Huang Jianwen, King & Wood Mallesons
概況 Summary中國的中產階級和老齡人口不斷增長，推動了對更高水平的醫療與養老服務產品需求增長。中國政府認識到，僅靠政府無法滿足這一需求，十三五規劃推廣「健康中國」的理念，目標是建立綜合的醫療與養老體系。中國將通過一系列措施建立這一體系，包括醫療體系改革和鼓勵私人投資醫療和養老產業。由於能夠為中國市場引入國際最佳實踐，外國投資被看好。
China’s growing middle class and aging population is driving increased demand for improved health and aged care services and products. Recognising that the Chinese Government alone cannot meet this demand, the 13th Five Year Plan promotes the idea of a 「Healthy China」 with aims to establish an integrated health and aged care system. This will be established through a range of measures, including health care system reforms and encouraging private investment in the health and aged care industry. Foreign investment is viewed favourably due to its ability to introduce international best practices in to the Chinese market.
關鍵重要領域為醫療衛生體系改革和食品與藥品安全。
Key focuses are medical and health system reform and food and medicine safety.
指標 Targets規劃詳述了醫療與養老領域的多個關鍵指標：
The Plan details a number of key targets in the health and aged care space:
每千人口執業（助理）醫師數達到2.5名
Increase the number of qualified doctors and medical assistants to 2.5 per 1,000 persons
每萬人口全科醫生數達到2名
Increase the number of general practice doctors to 2 per 10,000 persons
加強並規範培養住院醫師50萬人
Systematically train 500,000 resident doctors to adequate standards
每縣重點辦好1-2所公立醫院
Establish 1-2 public hospitals in each county
城鄉醫保參保率穩定在95%以上
Maintain the proportion of urban and rural citizens with health insurance above 95%
重大慢性病過早死亡率降低10%
Reduce premature mortality from critical chronic diseases by 10%
嬰兒死亡率、5歲以下兒童死亡率、孕產婦死亡率分別降為7.5‰、9.5‰、18/10萬。
Reduce the infant mortality rate to 7.5%, the mortality rate for children under 5 years to 9.5% and the mortality rate for childbirth to 18 per 100,000 persons.
充滿機遇的土地？The land of opportunity?國際企業在華機遇
Opportunities for international businesses in China
隨著中國人口結構變化，老齡化程度和城市化程度加深，中國不斷擴大的中產階級開始要求更高質量的醫療保健。這一趨勢已為離岸服務供應商帶來了商機，並且我們預計還將會給提供套餐式保健、醫療和休閒服務的國際供應商帶來更多的商機。其他企業可以利用鼓勵跨境投資的特定政策——例如，允許香港實體設立獨資醫院的政策。
As China’s demographics alter and its population becomes older and increasingly more urban, China’s growing middle class is beginning to demand higher quality health care. This trend is already generating opportunities for offshore service suppliers, and we expect to see more opportunities for international providers offering packaged health, medical and leisure services. Others are likely to take advantage of specific policies which encourage cross border investment – for example, China’s policy to allow Hong Kong entities to set up wholly-owned hospitals.
十三五規劃也推出了「智慧醫療」的概念。「智慧醫療」包含了一系列舉措，包括網際網路健康信息平臺和電子健康檔案。因此，我們預計中國對保健領域多種技術和創新的需求將增長，為在高級醫學研究和技術方面具有專門知識的外國投資者提供獨特的機會，來為增長中的中國市場提供系統解決方案。
The Plan also promotes the concept of 「smart health care」. This covers a wide range of initiatives, including internet-based health information platforms and electronic health records. As a result, we expect China’s demand for various types of technology and innovation in the health sector to increase, presenting a unique opportunity for foreign investors with expertise in advanced medical research and technology to provide system solutions for a growing Chinese market.
近年來，中國政府持續推進針對外資在養老產業的利好政策。除了這些長期政策外，外資養老設施現在也享受中資養老設施所享受的稅收激勵和行政費用減免待遇。尤其是在《中澳自由貿易協定》（2015年6月籤訂）為澳洲企業在中國建立獨資營利性養老機構敞開了大門的情形下，這是一項重大的進展。
In recent years, Chinese regulators have continuously promoted favourable policies directed at increasing foreign investment in the aged care industry. In addition to these longer term policies, tax incentives as well as administrative fee deductions and waivers which were provided to domestically-owned aged care facilities are now being offered to foreign-invested aged care facilities. This is a significant development, particularly as the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (signed in June 2015) opens the door for Australians to establish wholly owned for-profit aged care institutions in China.
國內企業在華機遇
Opportunities for local businesses in China
我們預計整個醫療保健領域的併購活動將大範圍增加。
We expect to see an increase in M&A activity across the health care sector broadly.
因為對企業進一步發展分銷渠道和增強研發能力的特殊鼓勵，製藥供應和銷售領域可能尤其活躍。我們同時預見市場會引入新的製藥產品和醫療器械。
The pharmaceutical supply and distribution sectors are likely to be particularly active in response to specifically encouraging companies to further strengthen their distribution channels and research and development capabilities. We also anticipate the introduction of new pharmaceutical products and medical equipment to the market.
十三五規劃鼓勵發展提供健康保險的商業保險機構——這為健康保險行業提供了更多商機。
The Plan encourages the development of commercial insurance institutions which provide health insurance – offering further opportunities for the health insurance industry.
開放養老市場可能使得側重養老設施的公私合作顯著增加。
The opening up of the aged care market is likely to result in a significant growth in public-private partnerships focussed on aged care facilities.
從規劃到實施 From planning to implementation為實現規劃目標，中國需要填補醫療和養老方面的多處法律法規和政策缺口，包括：
To achieve the Plan’s objectives, China will need to address a number of gaps in its laws, regulations and policies for the health and aged care, including:
對多地執業的醫療專業人員的監管
the regulation of health care professionals practising in multiple regions
醫療專業人員職業責任保險
professional indemnity insurance of health care professionals
醫療和養老設施投資者面臨的實際問題，例如，由非營利實體變為營利實體和為較長期投資獲得土地
practical issues for investors in health and aged care facilities, e.g. moving from a non-profit to for-profit entity, and obtaining land for longer-term investments
請聯繫金杜中國專家團隊成員以期了解「十三五」規劃可能對您產生的影響或討論規劃實施過程中的新進展。Please contact one of our China experts to understand how the Plan is likely to impact you or to discuss new developments as its implementation progresses.