今天是國家公祭日(點擊此處進行科普),為了紀念在1937年至1945年12月13日期間南京大屠殺的死難者,也為了緬懷在中國人民抗日戰爭中英勇獻身和所有作出貢獻的人們。
戰爭把人變成了數字,慘白的30萬,刻在南京,也成了中國的舊傷,時時撩撥,隱隱作痛。而在這些被遠東軍事法庭證明過的數字的陰影裡,還有不計其數的苦難沒有被承認,也沒有接受懺悔。長久以來,討論最為激烈的應該就是「慰安婦問題」。
「慰安婦」在英語裡一般被直譯為「comfort woman」,但在2012年7月,時任美國國務卿希拉蕊·柯林頓(Hillary Clinton)要求美國所有文件和聲明禁用按日語直譯的「慰安婦」一詞,將其改為「被強迫的性奴(enforced sex slaves)」,以此要求日本正視二戰期間的性暴行。
雖然在國際譴責聲中,越來越多的證據大白於天下,越來越多的受害者願意站出來指控日本當年的罪行,日本政府的態度仍然曖昧和反覆,靖國神社的香火仍然日夜通明。
但是日本政府的態度能夠代表日本的聲音嗎?
面對歷史和事實,日本民眾也在否認和逃避嗎?
也許有些人是的,但至少渡邊義治 (Yoshiji Watanabe)和橫井量子(Kazuko Yokoi)夫婦不是:
他們是那段歷史的親歷者,一個的父親是東京審判中獲罪的C級戰犯(C-Class Criminal),另一個在發了戰爭財的家庭中長大。二戰結束後,面對日本的爛帳,他們選擇不再沉默。
My father is guilty. After all the crimes he did during the Second World War, he couldn't be happy anymore. Family violence was often the case through my childhood and never stopped. When I was 37, my mother hung herself. That thing struck me. It also became the main reason for me to begin creating this series of war-time themed stage works. I believe if we don't atone for our previous generation's crime, we won't be happy anymore.
為了尋找內心的安定,為自己和家人贖罪,他們走訪了來自中國、朝鮮、緬甸和日本的性暴行受害者,通過witness statements和personal accounts來講述關於慰安婦和南京大屠殺的故事,並扮演受害者、實施者以及觀察員的角色。
這部作品,叫《眼見為證(The Eyes Hold the Truth)》
這是韓國小女孩樸永心(Pak Young Sim)的故事:
I was sent out to work when I was 14. One day, a Japanese police officer came in and said 'I know a good job that can make you a lot of money. Do you want to come?' I was 17 back then. I saw at least 10 girls like me waiting at the train station. The man took us to Pyongyang, left us to a military policeman and left. We were tricked! By the time we knew, it was already too late. 'We will kill you if you run!' the man shouted. We got off the train at Pukou Station in Nanjing, China. We were loaded onto a truck and taken to a military brothel called Kinsui House. The place was set for a Japanese army post nearby.
除了她,還有母親被日軍強暴後生下的後代,被當成護士從臺灣被騙去做慰安婦的黃女士,天天為日本懺悔的羅先生和連同女兒一起被日軍帶走的苗族姑娘。
這些掙脫了歷史桎梏的眼淚和吶喊,通過一對日本夫婦,終於真實又殘酷地暴露出來。面對塵埃封印不了的真相,誰都無路可逃。
說來矛盾,同是戰爭的倖存者,有些人低頭認錯,有些人下跪懺悔,可有些人卻依然我行我素,不聽,不信,不認也不悔。據渡邊義治先生說,這也是日本民族性的表現之一:
There is a common saying in Japan - people are born with guilt. That dark side of human being is called sin. This makes Japanese people have a stronger feeling of inferiority compared with western people. However, it also made them weirdly arrogant in front of other Asian nations, which played a role in the crimes and atrocities they committed during the war.
這樣的民族性也讓這對夫婦非常擔憂:
If Japan keeps going like this, it will lose its neighbor China and will be isolated in this world.
畢竟誰不是「愛這片土地,愛得深沉」?
I think it is necessary to do what we are doing with pride because I love my country deeply.
也許作為普通民眾,無論是中國人還是日本人,想化解日本政府「歷史即合理」的固執,都像蚍蜉撼大樹一樣無力...
但除了口頭髮洩不滿,還是有些實實在在的事情可以做的。這對日本夫婦對真相的虔誠和對歷史的懺悔值得我們尊重和學習:
When we faced the Yangtze River, where there was a massacre, we put our hands together praying for all the Chinese people that were killed. My eyes were suddenly flooded in red. It was the color of blood. Along with it I experienced a piercing headache that I had never experienced before and heard the moaning of many people coming up from the ground. The souls of these people that were killed at the Yangtze River must still be wandering around, as they were never able to fully accept their death. This was the time when I set my mind on confronting the truth about the Nanjing Massacre.
那麼作為中國人,
現在的你,又有什麼行動呢?
—— 路暢,趙麗娜
每日乾貨推送-QQ群:
01群(已滿):415876460
02群(已滿):194649240
03群(已滿):256875480
我們的官方網站:NEWSPlusRadio.cn
訪問 lizhi.fm 荔枝 FM:搜索 英語環球
搜狐新聞客戶端:搜索 英語環球廣播
新浪微博:搜索 英語環球廣播
點擊此處聽日本夫婦的專訪↓↓↓