歐巴馬對美國畢業生兩場英文演講,指責川普不負責任(視頻+演講稿)

套用中國網絡新流行語，美國社交媒體最火的兩場演講，是美國版的「前浪」致辭「後浪」。當地時間16日，美國前總統歐巴馬在兩場在線畢業典禮上發表講話，稱新冠大流行暴露出美國政府缺乏領導能力。

歐巴馬在給美國傳統黑人大學畢業生畢業寄語時，批評現政府的抗疫不力。他表示，疫情給黑人社區帶來了不成比例的影響，凸顯了黑人社區長期存在的不平等問題，而這次疫情也讓「政府官員知道自己在做什麼」的幻想破滅了，「他們甚至連假裝負責都做不到」。

而在全美高中生的線上畢業演講中，歐巴馬給高中生提出了三點建議：不要畏懼，做自己認為正確的事，組建自己的社群。和當天針對黑人大學的畢業演說有些類似，但對大統領黑的更猛了。

歐巴馬的第一個演講是在美東時間5月16日下午2點，向來自78所傳統黑人大學的27,000多名畢業生的儀式上進行。這個為時兩個小時的虛擬典禮由凱文·哈特（Kevin Hart）主持，將有數十名傑出的非裔美國運動員，政客和演藝人員參加。Hi, everybody. Congratulations to HBCU class of 2020. Michelle and I are so proud of you.Graduating from college is a big achievement under any circumstances. And so many of you overcame a lot to get here. You navigated challenging classes, and challenges outside the classroom. Many of you had to stretch to afford tuition. And some of you are the first in your families to reach this milestone.So even if half of this semester was spent at Zoom University, you』ve earned this moment. You should be very proud. Everybody who supported you along the way is proud of you – parents, grandparents, professors, mentors, aunties, uncles, brothers, sisters, cousins, second cousins, and cousins who you aren’t even sure are cousins. Show them some gratitude today.Now look, I know this isn’t the commencement any of you really imagined. Because while our HBCUs are mostly known for an education rooted in academic rigor, community, and higher purpose – they also know how to turn up. Nobody shines quite like a senior on the yard in springtime. Springfest at schools like Howard and Morehouse is the time when you get to strut your stuff a little bit. And I know that in normal times, rivals like Grambling and Southern, Jackson State and Tennessee State, might raise some eyebrows at sharing a graduation ceremony.But these aren’t normal times. You’re being asked to find your way in the world in the middle of a devastating pandemic and terrible recession. The timing is not ideal. And let’s be honest – a disease like this just spotlights the underlying inequalities and extra burdens that black communities have historically had to deal with in this country. We see it in the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on our communities, just as we see it when a black man goes for a jog, and some folks feel like they can stop and question and shoot him if he doesn’t submit to their questioning.Injustice like this isn’t new. What is new is that so much of your generation has woken up to the fact that the status quo needs fixing; that the old ways of  doing things don’t work; that it doesn’t matter how much money you make if everyone around you is hungry and sick; and that our society and democracy only works when we think not just about ourselves, but about each other.More than anything, this pandemic has fully, finally torn back the curtain on the idea that the folks in charge know what they’re doing. A lot of them aren’t even pretending to be in charge.If the world’s going to get better, it’s going to be up to you. With everything suddenly feeling like up for grabs, this is your time to seize the initiative. Nobody can tell you anymore that you should be waiting your turn. Nobody can tell you anymore 「this is how it’s always been done.」 More than ever, this is your moment – your generation’s world to shape.In taking on this responsibility, I hope you are bold. I hope you have a vision that isn’t clouded by cynicism or fear. As young African Americans, you』ve been exposed, earlier than some, to the world as it is. But as young HBCU grads, your education has also shown you the world as it ought to be.Many of you could have attended any school in this country. But you chose an HBCU – specifically because it would help you sow seeds of change. You chose to follow in the fearless footsteps of people who shook the system to its core – civil rights icons like Thurgood Marshall and Dr. King, storytellers like Toni Morrison and Spike Lee. You chose to study medicine at Meharry, and engineering at NC A&T, because you want to lead and serve.And I’m here to tell you that you made a good choice. Whether you realize it or not, you』ve got more roadmaps, more role models, and more resources than the civil rights generation did. You』ve got more tools, technology, and talents than  my generation did. No generation has been better positioned to be warriors for justice and remake the world.Now, I’m not going to tell you what to do with all that power that’s in your hands. Many of you are already using it so well to create change. But let me offer three pieces of advice as you continue on your journey.First, make sure you ground yourself in actual communities with real people – working at the grassroots level. The fight for equality and justice begins with awareness, empathy, passion, even righteous anger. Don’t just activate yourself online. Change requires strategy, action, organizing, marching, and voting in the real world like never before. No one is better positioned than this class of  graduates to take that activism to the next level. And from tackling health disparities to fighting for criminal justice and voting rights, so many of you are already doing this. Keep on going.Second, you can’t do it alone. Meaningful change requires allies in common cause. As African Americans, we are particularly attuned to injustice, inequality, and struggle. But that also should make us more alive to the experiences of others who』ve been left out and discriminated against. So rather than say what’s in it for me or what’s in it for my community and to heck with everyone else, stand up for and join up with everyone who’s struggling – whether immigrants, refugees, the rural poor, the LGBTQ community, low-income workers of every background, women who so often are subject to their own discrimination and burdens and not getting equal pay for equal work; look out for folks whether they are white or black or Asian or Latino or Native American. As Fannie Lou Hamer once said, 「nobody’s free until everybody’s free.」 And on the big unfinished goals in this country, like economic and environmental justice and health care for everybody, broad majorities agree on the ends. That’s why folks with power will keep trying to divide you over the means. Because that’s how nothing changes. You get a system that looks out for the rich and powerful and nobody else. So expand your moral imaginations, build bridges, and grow your allies in the process of bringing about a better world.Finally, as HBCU graduates, you have to remember that you are inheritors of one of America’s proudest traditions. Which means you’re all role models now – whether you like it or not. Your participation in this democracy, your courage to stand up for what’s right, your willingness to forge coalitions – these actions will speak volumes. And if you are inactive, that will also speak volumes. Not just to the young folks coming up behind you – but to your parents, your peers, and the rest of the country. They need to see your leadership – you’re the folks we』ve been waiting for to come along.That’s the power you hold. The power to shine brightly for justice, for equality, and for joy. You』ve earned your degree. And it’s up to you to use it. So many of us believe in you. I’m so proud of you. And as you set out to change the world, we』ll be the wind at your back.Congratulations Class of 2020, and God bless you all.大家好。Aniyah，感謝您的精彩介紹。我為您在歐巴馬基金會期間所做的一切感到自豪。當然，對即將畢業的2020級，我不能為你們所有人感到更驕傲，你們的老師、教練、以及最重要的是引導你前進的父母和家人都為你們感到驕傲。在任何情況下，畢業都是一項重大成就。你們當中有些人必須克服各種嚴重的障礙，無論是生病，父母失去工作，還是住在人們經常把你拒之門外的社區中。除了成長過程中常見的挑戰，你們所有人都必須應對社交媒體帶來的更大壓力、學校槍擊事件的報導、以及氣候變化的陰影。然後，就像你即將慶祝成功一樣，就像你一直期待著畢業舞會和典禮，說實話還有一堆派對，而現在受到全球大流行性病影響整個世界都處於顛覆狀態。而且，我當然肯定，你們愛父母，但我敢打賭，與父母呆在一起，玩棋盤遊戲或在電視上看Tiger King並不是你們對畢業前最後幾個月的預期。現在，我對您說實話，缺少現場畢業典禮的失望，這些很快就會過去。我不太記得自己高中畢業的時候。我知道不必坐在那裡聽演講，這不是很糟糕-我的經歷是演講通常會持續太久。而且，並不是很多人都喜歡這些帽子，特別是如果你有像我這樣的大耳朵。一旦迫在眉睫的公共衛生危機結束，你們將有足夠的時間與朋友保持聯繫。但是，真正的事實是，畢業標誌著你們進入成年，這是你們開始掌控自己的生活的時刻。當你們決定對自己重要的事情時：你們想要從事的職業。你們想與誰建立家庭。你們想賴以生存的價值觀。鑑於目前的世界狀況，這可能有點嚇人。如果你們打算去上大學，那麼秋天就到校園裡上學，這已不再是一定的了。如果你們打算在上學時工作，那麼找到第一份工作將變得更加艱難。即使是相對富裕的家庭也面臨著巨大的不確定性。那些曾經在掙扎中的人們，他們更困難。所有這些意味著你們將必須比某些世代成長更快。這種大流行病動搖了現狀，暴露出我國許多深層次的問題，從嚴重的經濟不平等、持續的種族差距、到缺乏為需要它的人提供基本醫療服務。許多年輕人意識到，舊的做事方式行不通;如果周圍的每個人都飢餓、生病，那你賺多少錢都沒有意義;而且我們的社會和民主，只有在我們不僅思考自己，而且思考彼此時，才能發揮作用。這也揭開了另一個真相，這是一旦我們的童年結束，所有人都必須最終接受的。你們曾經認為的所有那些成年人，都在承擔責任，並且知道他們在做什麼。事實證明他們並沒有所有答案。他們中的許多人甚至都沒有在問正確的問題。因此，如果世界會變得更好，那將取決於你們。這種認識可能有點嚇人。但我希望它也能激發靈感。面對這個國家目前面臨的所有挑戰，沒有人能告訴您「不，您太年輕了，無法理解」或「一直以來就是這麼辦的。」因為存在如此多的不確定性，突然之間所有事情都可以做，這就是你們這一代人的世界。由於我是老傢伙之一，因此我不會告訴你們如何處理這種掌握在你們手中的力量。但是，我給你們提供三個簡單的建議。首先，不要害怕。美國經歷了艱難的時期，奴隸制、內戰、饑荒、疾病、大蕭條和9/11。每次我們變得更加強大時，通常是因為新一代的年輕人，像你們一樣，從過去的錯誤中吸取教訓，並弄清楚了如何使事情變得更好。第二，做你認為正確的事。做感覺好、方便、容易的事情-那就是小孩子的想法。不幸的是，許多所謂的成年人，包括一些擁有高級頭銜和重要工作的成年人，仍然以這種方式思考，這就是事情如此混亂的原因。我希望相反，你們決定以持久的價值觀為基礎，例如誠實、勤奮、責任、公平、慷慨、尊重他人。你們不會每次都做對，你們會像我們所有人一樣犯錯誤。但是，如果你們傾聽自己內心的真相，即使很難，即使不便，人們也會注意到。他們會被你們吸引。你們將成為解決方案的一部分，而不是問題的一部分。最後，建立一個社區。沒有人獨自做大事。現在，當人們感到害怕時，很容易產生憤世嫉俗的聲音，說出：讓我只為自己、家人，或跟我看起來、思考或信仰與我相似的人。但是，如果我們要度過這些困難的時期，如果我們要創造一個每個人都有機會找到工作、並負擔大學學費的世界;如果我們要保護環境、並戰勝未來的流行病，那麼我們將不得不一起做。因此，要為彼此的鬥爭而活著。捍衛彼此的權利。拋棄所有使我們分裂的舊思維方式-性別歧視，種族偏見，地位，貪婪-並使世界走上一條不同的道路。當你們需要幫助時，我和米歇爾已將基金會的使命，賦予了像你們這樣的年輕人，以技能和支持來領導自己的社區，並使你們與全國和全球的其他青年領袖建立聯繫。在東部時間晚上8點，歐巴馬開始在各大電視網黃金時段向全國高中畢業生的特別節目中發表講話。勒布朗·詹姆斯（LeBron James）基金會和慈善組織娛樂產業基金會合作，與學校合作的智囊團XQ Institute舉辦這個名為《一起畢業：2020年高中畢業生》的活動。Hi, everybody. Aniyah, thank you for that beautiful introduction. I could not be prouder of everything you』ve done in your time with the Obama Foundation.
And of course, I couldn’t be prouder of all of you in the graduating Class of 2020 – as well as the teachers, coaches, and most of all, parents and family who guided have you along the way.Now graduating is a big achievement under any circumstances. Some of you have had to overcome serious obstacles along the way, whether it was an illness, or a parent losing a job, or living in a neighborhood where people too often count you out. Along with the usual challenges of growing up, all of you have had to deal with the added pressures of social media, reports of school shootings, and the specter of climate change. And then, just as you’re about to celebrate having made it through, just as you』ve been looking forward to proms and senior nights, graduation ceremonies – and, let’s face it, a whole bunch of parties – the world is turned upside down by a global pandemic. And as much as I’m sure you love your parents, I』ll bet that being stuck at home with them and playing board games or watching Tiger King on TV is not exactly how you envisioned the last few months of your senior year.Now I』ll be honest with you – the disappointments of missing a live graduation – those will pass pretty quick. I don’t remember much from my own high school graduation. I know that not having to sit there and listen to a commencement speaker isn’t all bad – mine usually go on way too long. Also, not that many people look great in those caps, especially if you have big ears like me. And you』ll have a chance to catch up with your friends once the immediate public health crisis is over.But what remains true is that your graduation marks your passage into adulthood – the time when you begin to take charge of your own life. It’s when you get to decide what’s important to you: the kind of career you want to pursue. Who you want to build a family with. The values you want to live by. And given the current state of the world, that may be kind of scary.If you』d planned on going away for college, getting dropped off at campus in the fall – that’s no longer a given. If you were planning to work while going to school, finding that first job is going to be tougher. Even families that are relatively well-off are dealing with massive uncertainty. Those who were struggling before – they’re hanging on by a thread.All of which means that you’re going to have to grow up faster than some generations. This pandemic has shaken up the status quo and laid bare a lot of our country’s deep-seated problems – from massive economic inequality to on-going racial disparities to a lack of basic health care for people who need it. It’s woken a lot of young people to the fact that the old ways of doing things just don’t work; that it doesn’t matter how much money you make if everyone around you is hungry and sick; and that our society and our democracy only work when we think not just about ourselves, but about each other.It’s also pulled the curtain back on another hard truth, something that we all have to eventually accept once our childhood comes to an end. All those adults that you used to think were in charge and knew what they were doing? It turns out that they don’t have all the answers. A lot of them aren’t even asking the right questions. So, if the world’s going to get better, it going to be up to you.That realization may be kind of intimidating. But I hope it’s also inspiring. With all the challenges this country faces right now, nobody can tell you 「no, you’re too young to understand」 or 「this is how it’s always been done.」 Because with so much uncertainty, with everything suddenly up for grabs, this is your generation’s world to shape.Since I’m one of the old guys, I won’t tell you what to do with this power that rests in your hands. But I』ll leave you with three quick pieces of advice.First, don’t be afraid. America’s gone through tough times before – slavery and civil war, famine and disease, the Great Depression and 9/11. And each time we came out stronger, usually because a new generation, young people like you, learned from past mistakes and figured out how to make things better.Second, do what you think is right. Doing what feels good, what’s convenient, what’s easy – that’s how little kids think. Unfortunately, a lot of so-called grown-ups, including some with fancy titles and important jobs, still think that way – which is why things are so screwed up. I hope that instead, you decide to ground yourself in values that last, like honesty, hard work, responsibility, fairness, generosity, respect for others. You won’t get it right every time, you』ll make mistakes like we all do. But if you listen to the truth that’s inside yourself, even when it’s hard, even when its inconvenient, people will notice. They』ll gravitate towards you. And you』ll be part of the solution instead of part of the problem.And finally, build a community. No one does big things by themselves. Right now, when people are scared, it’s easy to be cynical and say let me just look out for myself, or my family, or people who look or think or pray like me. But if we’re going to get through these difficult times; if we’re going to create a world where everybody has the opportunity to find a job, and afford college; if we’re going to save the environment and defeat future pandemics, then we’re going to have to do it together. So be alive to one another’s struggles. Stand up for one another’s rights. Leave behind all the old ways of thinking that divide us – sexism, racial prejudice, status, greed – and set the world on a different path.When you need help, Michelle and I have made it the mission of our Foundation to give young people like you the skills and support to lead in your own communities, and to connect you with other young leaders around the country and around the globe.But the truth is that you don’t need us to tell you what to do.Because in so many ways, you』ve already started to lead.Congratulations, Class of 2020. Keep making us proud.病毒的爆發和新的社會疏離規範打破了許多畢業傳統——從走過舞臺的儀式到扔畢業帽的儀式再到家人和朋友的慶祝活動 ——因此，當畢業生們進入一個充滿不確定性、感染恐懼和經濟不穩定的世界時，流行的政治領袖和名人紛紛介入，提供安撫人心的信息。在這個沒有傳統畢業典禮的春季，美國前總統歐巴馬借著「線上的畢業典禮演講」，對川普發起了尖銳批評。紐約時報報導，周六歐巴馬在這場線上演講中，敦促傳統黑人大學的數千名畢業生「抓住主動權」，同時表示，美國領導人在應對新冠病毒疫情上行動不力。歐巴馬在網上演講中說，「最重要的是，這場新冠大流行已經完全徹底地撕開了一種假象，即當權者知道自己在幹什麼。但實際上呢？實際他們中的很多人甚至連裝著負責任都不願意。」這是歐巴馬在疫情爆發期間向全國聽眾發表的少數公開演講之一，他說，領導力的缺位給畢業生們帶來了明確的目標。雖然這番講話被稱為畢業典禮演講，但明眼人都能看出，它不止面向畢業生，也是為了安撫因川普而分裂的美國公眾。這位前總統還利用這個機會，試圖在大選年團結全國人民，支持民主黨歷來倡導的價值觀，比如全民醫保、環境和經濟正義。自三年前卸任以來，歐巴馬一般都避免公開批評川普。但他對政府疫情應對忍無可忍的抨擊，可能會進一步加劇他們這兩位前後任之間的緊張關係。上周，歐巴馬先生在一個私人電話裡向曾為他工作過的數千名支持者表示，現任政府對大流行病的應對措施是 「貧弱不堪」。「即使有最好的政府，面對這樣的疫情也會很棘手。」歐巴馬在電話中說，「當人們被固定思維控制——不管這個思維是『這裡頭有我什麼事』，或者『跟其他人一起去見鬼』——在我們的政府中盛行時，就絕對會製造混亂的災難。」最近幾天，川普在推特上和電視上不遺餘力地抨擊歐巴馬。他聲稱的前任試圖通過製造俄羅斯調查來打倒他，儘管此事純屬舊事重提、毫無根據。歐巴馬的這場講話，針對的直接觀眾是美國78所歷史悠久的黑人高校裡即將畢業的2.7萬餘名學生，是前總統要在周六做的兩場開學典禮演講中的第一場。所謂「傳統黑人大學（HBCUs）」，指的是在1964年前成立的，專門面向黑人而設的高等教育機構。目前全美國有105所，大部分都位於南北戰爭之前的蓄奴州。其中既有公立大學也有私立大學。同一個周六，歐巴馬還將在美國東部時間晚上8點，開始在各大電視網的黃金時段，在面向高中畢業生的特別節目中播出講話。該活動名為 「一起畢業：2020年高中畢業典禮」。第一場為時兩小時的活動是一項傳統，專為黑人學校舉辦的，名為「告訴我你如何前進 -黑人大學版」，在其企業贊助商摩根大通的社交媒體平臺上播放。主持人是凱文哈特，還有數十名傑出的非裔美國運動員、政界人士和娛樂界人士，其中許多人都是黑人大學的畢業生。歐巴馬對畢業生（其中多數為黑人）們說，新冠病毒「只是突顯了美國黑人社區本就存在、也早該解決的潛在不平等和額外負擔」。這種不平等不僅存在於公共衛生領域，而且「正如我們看到的，當一個黑人去慢跑時，有些人覺得如果他不服從他們的提問，他們就可以把他逼停下來問他問題，然後向他開槍，」他說。歐巴馬提到的是阿默德·阿貝裡被殺一案。今年2月，25歲的阿默德·阿貝裡在喬治亞州一個沿海社區跑步的過程被一對白人父子追逐，最後被槍殺。隨著全國各地的社區取消居家禁令，以及人們為了個人自由而激烈爭論時，，歐巴馬建議美國人需要「為別人想想」。他鼓勵畢業生與其他弱勢群體一起，努力創造社會變革。「如果你周圍的人都餓了、病了，你賺了多少錢並不重要。」他說，「我們的社會和民主只有當我們不只為自己考慮，而是為彼此考慮時，才會發揮作用。」21歲的阿里爾·特恩利在佛羅裡達州勞德希爾的自家客廳裡，和母親及姨媽一起觀看了自己在斯佩爾曼學院的線上畢業典禮。然後她調到歐巴馬為黑人大學畢業生作的畢業演講。畢業於計算機科學專業的特恩利女士說：「我認為歐巴馬總統說了許多人的感受，即當權者在這次大流行期間，沒有盡其所能地利用手中的權力做最好的事情。」她說，「我也很欣賞他談及在這次大流行期間凸顯的不公正。這不是我們想像中的畢業典禮，但我覺得他提供了我在這場危機中想要堅持的話語。」22歲的埃麗卡布拉德停下手頭上的收拾工作，去聽歐巴馬的演講。她住在維吉尼亞州漢普頓一所公寓裡，本月早些時候，她從漢普頓大學畢業，獲得了戰略溝通學位，她希望能在9月份的畢業典禮上走上講臺。布拉德說，歐巴馬的建議中讓她印象最深的是，「要成為你們這一代人的領袖，回饋社區，並與其他被剝奪權利的群體建立牢固的關係。」歐巴馬先生的演講為許多畢業生提供了安慰，這些畢業生在社交疏離的規則裡不得不放棄了他們期盼已久的許多畢業傳統——從走過舞臺的儀式到拋擲畢業帽到親朋好友的慶祝活動。因此，當畢業生進入一個由充滿不確定性、害怕感染和經濟不穩定所塑造的世界時，他們需要廣受歡迎的政治領袖和名人提供支持，釋放令他們安心的信息。上周五，奧普拉•溫弗瑞在Facebook主持的畢業典禮視頻演講中敦促「疫情畢業班」重建一個更公平的社會。歐巴馬計劃於6月6日與米歇爾一起，在YouTube主持的典禮上發表第三次在線畢業典禮演講，這對夫婦收到了來自世界各地的幾十個大學向畢業生發表演講的請求，這些畢業生的個人典禮已經被取消。在擔任總統期間，歐巴馬曾在漢普頓大學、霍華德大學和莫爾豪斯學院這三所歷史悠久的黑人學校發表了畢業典禮演講。這位前總統與黑人傳統大學團體有著複雜的關係。儘管在他執政的八年裡，對這些機構的總體資助有所增加，但一些人抱怨說，他沒有把它們放在優先位置，他的任期裡反而削減和調整了助學金和其他貸款項目的支持力度，這讓一些黑人大學學生的生活變得困難。這一次，歐巴馬說，黑人大學的畢業生是「美國最值得驕傲的傳統之一的繼承者」，他們需要行動起來。他說：「不管你是否意識到，與民權一代相比，你們有了更多的路線圖、更多的榜樣和更多的資源，你們比我們這一代擁有更多的工具、技術和人才，沒有哪一代人比你們更有能力成為伸張正義的鬥士，重塑世界。」

大部分編譯自《紐約時報》，原文連結：

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/us/barack-obama-2020-commencement-graduation-speech.html

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