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There are tons of words in the English language that are similar but not the same and I've been creating a whole lot of lessons about them lately, particularly some of the really confusing ones.
Now you can check out all of the ones I've already made in that playlist right up there but today we're going to focus on two words that are often confused and misused, 'then' and 'than'.
英語中有很多單詞非常相似，但是並不完全相同，我最近出過很多相關的課程，尤其是那些非常令人困惑的單詞。
大家可以看一下播放列表中我已經發布的課程，就在這裡，但是今天呢我們要側重於兩個經常弄混，經常錯用的單詞，那就是『then』和『than』。
Now I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and if these two words confuse you, then this lesson is for you and even if you think that you know what they mean and how to use them correctly, it's worth just sticking around to check.
I'll explain how they're used in English, how they're pronounced, and of course we'll practise with a little quiz at the end to make sure that everything you learned during the lesson has stuck.
我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語，如果這兩個單詞讓你困惑的話，那這節課程就是為你量身定做的，即使你覺得你很清楚這兩個單詞是什麼意思，也知道如何正確使用，檢查一下對不對還是很有意義的。
我會解釋它們在英語中是如何使用的，它們是如何發音的，當然了，我們會在結尾的時候做幾個小練習，來確保大家已經鞏固了本節課程所學到的知識。
And remember that all of my lessons have subtitles or captions and you can turn them on by clicking that settings button just down there.
And so many of my students, my amazing students who are generous enough to share some of their time for all of you, they have been writing subtitles in their own native languages so that more of the people from their country can watch and learn and experience the lessons on the mmmEnglish Channel so if you've got time and you're up for the challenge to write some of the captions in your own native language, I would absolutely appreciate it.
記住我的課程呢都是有字幕的，大家可以通過點擊下面的設置按鈕打開字幕。
我的很多學生，他們都超級贊，而且非常慷慨大方，不吝於分享他們的時間，他們用自己的母語寫了字幕，這樣他們國家更多的人就可以觀看學習，並且體驗美味英語頻道的課程，所以如果大家有時間並且準備好迎接挑戰，將字幕翻譯成自己的母語的話，那我會非常感激大家的。
And look, I know you've been watching my lessons for a little while now so if you haven't subscribed already, I think it's time to do it. . . . . . .
看呀，我知道你看我的課程已經看了一段時間了，所以如果你還沒有訂閱的話，我覺得是時候動手了。
To start this lesson, I want to make something really clear.
Than and then are not the same words even though they look similar and they sound quite similar, they have different meanings and uses.
在本節課程開始的時候，我想明確幾件事情。
Than和then是兩個不同的單詞，即使它們看起來很相近，聽起來也很相似，但它們的意思和使用方式都完全不同。
And I have to admit that these two words had me fooled for a long time at school.
Through school, I was forever using the wrong word and I was getting marked incorrect by my teachers all the time. It took years for me to remember.
我得承認這兩個單詞在我上學的時候都令我十分頭疼。
在上學的時候，我一直用的都不對，我的老師總是會會給我標出錯誤。我花了很多年才記住。
And part of the problem is that these words sound quite similar. They both use the voiced /th/ sound.
And we can hear a little difference in the vowel sound when these words are stressed in a sentence and sometimes they are /an/.
部分問題就在於這兩個單詞聽起來太相似了。它們都有濁音th。
當這兩個單詞在句子中重讀的時候，我們能聽到元音有所不同，有時候是/an/。
The /a/ vowel sound, /an/. And /n/.
元音/a/，/an/.然後是/n/。
The // vowel sound, /n/.
But actually, most of the time, these words are unstressed and then they sound really similar because both of those vowels sounds reduce down to the schwa sound.
元音// ，/n/。
但是其實呢，大多數情況下，這兩個單詞都是非重讀的，所以它們聽起來非常像，因為這兩個元音都變成了中元音。
So it sounds like then, then. Then we can't hear any difference at all.
所以聽起來就像是then一樣。然後我們就聽不到任何區別了。
Now the closest that I ever came to a rule for this was than with an A is used for comparisons and then with an E is used for time.
It helped me a little in the end so if you find it helpful to try and remember that rule, especially to use those words correctly in sentences, then go ahead.
我能想到的最近的規則就是如果是A的話，就是用來比較的，如果是E的話，就是用來表示時間的。這後來對我有所幫助，所以如果你覺得有用的話，可以試著記一下這條規則，如果是在句子中正確使用這兩個單詞，然後就繼續吧。
Now let's go a little deeper and I think we'll start with than because there's only one basic definition and use for than. So than is a conjunction and we use it to make comparisons.
現在讓我們再深入一點，我覺得我們應該從than開始，因為than只有一個基本的定義和用法。Than是一個連詞，我們用它來表示比較。
So when we're highlighting the difference between two separate things. I'm taller than my sister.
當我們強調兩個不同事物之間的差別的時候。我比我的妹妹高。
Your phone gets a better signal than mine.
Do you think that pasta is more filling than salad?
你的手機信號比我好。
你覺得意面比沙拉更飽腹嗎？
Notice that than is usually used with an adjective.
It's used to say that something is more or less than something else, taller than, better than, more filling than.
注意than通常都和形容詞一起使用。
通常說某個東西比另外一個東西多或者是少，更高，更好，更飽腹。
Right? Now another common comparison phrase also uses than and that's rather than.
對吧？另外一個常見的也用than來表示比較的短語時rather than。
I'd rather ride than walk, or I'd rather not go than wear that dress.
Rather is just another type of comparison.
相比於走路，我更願意騎自行車，或者是我寧願不去也不要穿那條裙子。
Rather是另外一種類型的比較。
It's like saying I prefer to do one thing more than the other. And with rather, you'll often see than.
就像是相對於另外一件事，我更想做這件。一般than會和rather同時出現。
Now finally, you'll also hear than used in quite a few fixed expressions and common phrases. I guess it's better late than never.
最後呢，你還會在一些固定表達和常見的短語中聽到than。我覺得晚做總比不做好。
I'd like to go home sooner rather than later. Finding our way is easier said than done!
我恨不得馬上回家。尋找我們的道路說起來比做起來難多了。
So did you hear in all of those fixed expressions how than was pronounced? It was reduced, it was short and low in pitch. It's an unstressed word, than, than, than. Right?
So I want you to practise them out loud with me, better late than never, sooner rather than later, easier said than done.
你在這些固定表達中聽到than了嗎？是怎麼發音的呢？它的發音被削弱了，發音很短，語調很低。這是個非重讀單詞，than，than，than。對吧？
所以我想讓大家和我一起練習大聲念出來，晚做總比不做好，越快越好，說得比做得容易。
Nice! Now of course, all of these phrases are used to make comparisons too.
很棒！當然了，這些短語都是用來表達比較的。
Now we're going to take a really, really quick break here and while the ad is playing, I want you to write a sentence in the comments using than.
Okay? In this context in this structure.
那我們現在要稍作休息，進廣告的時候呢，我希望大家在評論區用than造個句子。
好嗎？在這個語境中，用這個結構。
So remember, you need to use a comparative adjective. Then I'll be back to explain how to use then.
幾桌，需要使用比較級形容詞。然後我會回來解釋如何使用then。
Then can be a little more complicated than than because there are a few different ways that you can use it.
Then can be an adverb or an adjective but you'll most commonly see it used as an adverb.
和than相比，then稍微複雜一點，因為有很多不同的使用方式。
Then可以是副詞或者是形容詞，但是你一般是看到它當做副詞使用。
Now remember that adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
And at the start of this lesson, I said that then is used with time expressions right?
記住副詞是修飾動詞、形容詞或者是其他的副詞的。
在本節課程剛開始的時候，我說過then是和時間表達連用的，是吧？
So with time, you're using then as an adverb. And it can mean something like next in order or next in time or in place but it can also mean soon afterwards.
和時間連用的時間，then是個副詞。它的意思是接下來的事情，但是也可以表示不久、後來的意思。
He finished work and then went to meet some friends. So the action of finishing work came first and next he went to meet his friends.
他做完工作之後去見朋友了。所以他先完成工作，然後去他就去見朋友了。
So we're talking about the order of things. I was in the front of the line, then Sarah, then Charlie.
我們討論的是事情發展的順序。
我站在隊伍前面，然後是薩拉，然後是查莉。
Now Sarah and Charlie were in the line, they were the next people in the order of the line. I was first, Sarah was second and Charlie was third.
薩拉和查莉在排隊，他們在隊伍裡緊接著對方。我是第一個，薩拉是第二個，查莉是第三個人。
Then could also mean at the specific time as well. I can't meet tomorrow morning. I'll be at work then.
Then還可以表示一個特定的時間。我明天早晨不能見面。我當時在工作。
So at that time that we're talking about I'll be at work. We didn't have mobile phones back then.
在那個時間呢，我們說的是我會在工作。我們當時沒有手機。
So at that time in the past, back at that moment in time that we're talking about mobile phones didn't exist.
So yes, then is used with time expressions but we also use it in other ways as well.
在過去的那個時間我們說的是手機並不存在。
是的，then是和時間表達連用的，但是我們也會用其他的使用方式。
It can mean in addition or besides and as a result or in that case.
If I don't pay my bill tomorrow, then they'll charge me a late fee.
它可以表示除此之外，結果，或者是在那種情況下。
如果我明天還沒付帳單的話，他們會罰我遲交費的。
So as a result of not paying my bill, I'll get charged a fee.
So in the case that I don't pay my bill, I'll get charged a fee. You have to register the business, then you need a permit to operate.
所以因為我並沒有付帳單，我被罰款了。
因為我沒有付帳單，我被罰款了。
你得登記自己的公司，然後還需要經營許可。
So this is in addition to registering the business you need to get a permit to operate. Okay?
除了登記自己的公司，你還需要獲得經營許可。對吧？
Now I mentioned that then is used as an adjective too. Now this use is a little less common but you'll still see it quite often and I wanted to include it today so that you can completely understand the uses of then.
我提到過then也可以用作形容詞。這種用法不是特別常見，但是你還是會經常見到的，我希望包含在今天的課程中，這樣你們就可以完全理解then的全部用法了。
Then as an adjective describes something as being that or existing at that time. My then roommate didn't want a dog.
Then呢作為一個形容詞，描述的某個東西在某一段時間存在的狀態。我當時的室友並不想要狗狗。
So I'm describing the person who was my roommate at that time, she's not my roommate now. Okay she was my roommate at a time in the past.
所以呢我在描述那段時間是我的室友的那個人，她現在已經不是我的室友了。
好的，她在過去的某段時間是我的室友。
So it's your turn now. Can you think of a sentence where you can use then as an adjective?
I want you to write that sentence down in the comments for me so I'm going to come down and check out your sentences in just a little while to make sure you're using it correctly.
所以現在到你啦。你能想到一個句子裡面then是用作形容詞的嗎？
我希望大家將那個句子寫在評論處，我一會兒會下去檢查大家造的句子，確保大家使用方式是正確的。
But remember that we're always referring to something that is different from the present. You can't say my then brother.
但是要記住，我們所指的東西都是和目前的狀態不一樣的。你不能說我當時的兄弟。
Right? Because he's still your brother now. Now that's not going to change.
對吧？因為他現在還是你的兄弟。那不會改變的。
So it has to be a situation that was different in the past. It's not like that now.
所以必須是和以前不一樣的狀況。現在已經不是那樣子了。
Now just like than, there are some common phrases or fixed expressions that use then okay? He does his work and then some.
就像than一樣，有一些裡面有then的常用短語和固定搭配。他的工作一波接一波。
Eating out now and then isn't too expensive. I called to book a ticket right then and there.
時不時地出去吃吃不是特別貴。我立即打電話去訂機票了。
So have you heard any of those phrases before? I want you to practise saying them out loud with me now. Ready?
你之前聽過這些句子嗎？我希望大家練習和我一起大聲地說出來。準備好了嗎？
And then some, now and then, right then and there. Did you hear how in most of those expressions then is stressed? Said much more strongly than than and the other fixed expressions.
遠不止於此，時不時地，立刻。你聽出來在那些表達方式裡面then都是重讀的嗎？
比than和其他的固定表達的發音要更重一些。
Such tiny little insignificant words but using them accurately and this is especially important if you're taking IELTS or TOEFL exams because these areas or these mistakes become really obvious during your written exams, right?
Everyday language when you're speaking with people, no one's really going to know if you're using the wrong word but it all comes out in your writing and if you need some extra help with confusing words like this then practising with a native teacher can be really helpful because they're going notice all of the little things that you can do to help improve your accuracy, right?
都是非常微不足道的小單詞，但是正確地使用它們非常的重要，如果你們馬上要參加雅思或者是託福考試的話，因為這些錯誤在考試寫作考試中非常明顯，對吧？
在每日英語和大家交談的時候，沒有人會知道你是不是用錯了單詞，但是在寫作中就很容易看出來了，如果你在這些令人困惑的單詞方面還需要額外的幫助的話，那麼和母語老師進行練習是非常有用的，因為他們會注意到這些小細節，而這能夠幫助你提升自己的正確性，是吧？
And if you're not sure where to go to find a good one, well you guys know that I recommend Lingoda.
I take Spanish classes online with Lingoda but they also have an English program with plenty of native teachers from the US and the UK.
如果你不確定要去哪裡找到好老師的話，那我向大家推薦Lingoda。
我在Lingoda平臺上學習西班牙語，但是他們還有英語的課程，有很多來自美國和英國的老師。
The lessons are all in small groups so it's lots of fun and it's really affordable so definitely take a look if you think that's going to help. So I promised you a little quiz to put everything that we learnt into practice today, right?
這些課程都是小班課，所以非常生動有趣，而且真的很便宜，所以如果大家覺得有所幫助的話，一定要去看一看。我承諾過大家要把我們今天所學的東西結合起來做個小測試，對吧？
Are you ready? Let's do it. He reached the finish line first.
準備好了嗎？讓我們開始吧。他越過了終點線。
Well if you guessed then, you're absolutely right because we're talking about the order that they finished the race, then Claire.
I'm going to order salad first, then I'll think about the main course.
好的，如果你們猜的是then的話，你們就猜對了，因為我們討論的是他們完成比賽的順序，然後是克萊爾。
我要先點沙拉，然後再考慮主菜。
Now this is another situation showing the order of things happening in time. It's harder. . .
這是另外一種情況，表示的是事情發展的時間順序。更難......
Did you guess than? We're comparing the heat to the heat inside an oven so it's really hot, right?
你猜的是than嗎？我們是將溫度比作微波爐裡面的溫度，所以真的是很熱，對吧？
Her then boss later became her husband. So here, we're missing an adjective, right?
她當時的老闆成了她的丈夫。在這裡呢，我們缺失的是一個形容詞，對吧？
An adjective to describe the noun boss. So we need to use then as an adjective, right?
來描述名詞『老闆』的形容詞。所以我們需要使用then作為形容詞，對吧？
At the time she was working, he was her boss. He was her then boss.
在她工作的時候，他是她的老闆。他當時是她的老闆。
He's better at learning languages. Easy one. It's a comparison right? So it has to be than.
他更擅長學語言。很簡單。這是個比較，對吧？所以應該是than。
If you are trying to save money. As a result of the fact that we're trying to save money.
如果你正在攢錢的話。因為我們要攢錢。
In that case, well it's a good idea to eat at home, right? So we use then.
在那種情況下，在家裡吃飯是個好主意，是吧？所以我們使用的是then。
So how did you go? Do you feel a little bit more comfortable using then and than now? Can you tell the difference?
你做的怎麼樣呢？你對於then和than的使用感到更加自如一點了嗎？你能區分差別了嗎？
I wish that I'd found a video like this to help me when I was at school. I can't believe that it's taken me so many years to actually write a lesson about this.
我希望在上學的時候能夠看到一個類似的視頻能夠幫助我。我無法相信花了我這麼多時間來真正做出這樣的一節課程。
I hope that you find it helpful. And make sure you share it with a friend if you think that they might find it useful too.
希望大家覺得很有用。如果大家覺得你的朋友們也會覺得很有用的話，那就一定要和他們分享哦。
If you enjoy my lessons here at the mmmEnglish Channel then please let me know by subscribing to the channel just down there.
I make new lessons every week, lessons just like this one and this one here.
如果你們喜歡我在美味英語的課程的話，請訂閱我的課程，讓我感受到你們的喜歡吧。
我每周都會出新的課程，就像這個和這個一樣。
I picked that one especially for you so I'll see you in there.
我特意為大家挑選的這門課程，一會兒見啦。