* 用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升，並樹立英語思維；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，還有疑惑再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。* 本篇文章難度係數7.7，由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智慧難度分析系統提供評分。
#英語學習#
【編者按】今天的主題是乘坐飛機有關的英語。
Why haven't airplane windows gotten larger or generally changed much in 50yrs?【譯】為什麼飛機的窗戶在50年裡沒有變得更大或者至少有較明顯的改變？【單詞】airplane ['air-pleyn]['eplen] n. 飛機【單詞】windows 原型：window ['win-doh]['wnd] n. 窗戶；櫥窗
I'm sure the advancement in materials and construction would allow for a larger window without sacrificing the integrity of the plane or adding that much weight.【譯】我確信在材料和結構上的進步可以在不犧牲飛機完整性或增加較多多重量的情況下，安上一個更大的窗戶。【單詞】advancement [ad-'vans-muhnt, -'vahns-][d'vɑnsmnt] n. 前進；進步；晉升【單詞】construction [kuhn-'struhk-shuhn][kn'strkn] n. 建設；結構；建造【單詞】sacrificing 原型：sacrifice ['sak-ruh-fahys]['skrfas] vt. 犧牲；虧本出售；供奉【單詞】integrity [in-'teg-ri-tee][n'teɡrti] n. 完整；完善；正直；誠實【單詞】weight [weyt][wet] n. 重量；體重
They have, look at the 787 and A380, they are significantly bigger than previous planes.【譯】是有所改變的，看看（波音）787和A380，它們（的窗戶）比以前的飛機大得多。【單詞】significantly [sig-'nif-i-kuhnt][sɡ'nfkntli] adv. 意義深遠地；重要地；較大地【專有名詞】A380 是空中巴士公司的一種飛機型號
The reason it doesn't seem like it's true is those are the only really new planes released in the last 30-40 years or so.【譯】飛機窗戶看起來沒有變大的原因是，上面這些飛機是在過去30-40年裡發布的僅有的新飛機。【單詞】released 原型：release [ri-'lees][r'lis] vt. 釋放；讓與；準予發表
The workhorse planes you mostly see on domestic trips in the US are probably the A320 and 737, released in 1987 and 1967 respectively.【譯】你在美國國內旅行中經常看到的主力飛機可能是分別於1987年和1967年發布的A320和737。【單詞】workhorse ['wurk-hawrs]['wkhs] n. 做粗工者；重負荷機器【單詞】mostly ['mohst-lee]['mstli] adv. 主要地；通常【單詞】domestic [duh-'mes-tik][d'mestk] adj. 家庭的；國內的【單詞】trips 原型：trip [trip][trp] n. 旅行【單詞】respectively [ri-'spek-tiv-lee][r'spektvli] adv. 分別地；各自地
This, plus the physics of holes don't change with time.【譯】再加上空洞的物理性質不會隨時間而改變。【單詞】plus [pluhs][pls] prep. 加；加上 conj. 並且【單詞】physics ['fiz-iks]['fzks] n. 物理學【單詞】holes 原型：hole [hohl][hl] n. 洞；孔；穴；漏洞
The skin of airplanes is highly stressed due to pressure.【譯】飛機的外殼承受很大的壓力。【短語】due to 多數表示「由於；因為」。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同時，due 與to 單配，還可以表示「付給某人」，如：Respect is due to older people.【單詞】skin [skin][skn] n. 皮膚；外皮；皮囊【單詞】highly ['hahy-lee]['hali] adv. 高度地；很；非常【單詞】stressed 原型：stress [stres][stres] vt. 被壓，壓，強調
If you punch a hole in it (the window), the stress has to go around the hole and you get a stress concentration at the sides of the windows.【譯】如果你在它（窗戶）上打一個洞，壓力就會圍繞著這個洞，你會在窗戶的兩側產生一個應力集中。【單詞】punch [puhnch][pnt] vt. 開洞；鑽孔【單詞】concentration [kon-suhn-'trey-shuhn][knsen'tren] n. 集中；專心；濃度
This has to happen, regardless of the material or technology of the window, so a windowless skin will always weigh less than a windowed one, and a small window will always weigh less than a large one.【譯】不管窗戶的材質和製造技術如何，沒有窗戶的飛機外殼部分都會比有窗戶的輕，窗戶越小則這部分也比更大的窗戶更輕。【短語】regardless of 表示「不管……的；不顧……的」，後接名詞、代詞、從句。如：Regardless of whether it rains, there will be plenty we can do for fun. 【單詞】happen ['hap-uhn]['hpn] vi. 發生；碰巧；出現；偶遇【單詞】windowless ['win-doh]['wndls] adj. 無窗的【單詞】weigh [wey][we] v. 衡量；稱(重量)；重達
And, since they physics of aircraft doesn't change either, heavier aircraft will always burn more fuel than light ones at equal levels of aerodynamics.【譯】而且，由於飛機的物理特性也沒有改變，在相同的空氣動力學水平下，重型飛機總是比輕型飛機燃燒更多的燃料。【單詞】aircraft ['air-kraft, -krahft]['ekrɑft] n. 飛機【單詞】heavier 原型：heavy 形容詞比較級 ['hev-ee]['hevi] adj. 大(量)的；重的；沉重的；猛烈的【單詞】burn [burn][bn] v. 燃燒；燒著【單詞】fuel ['fyoo-uhl]['fjul] n. 燃料；刺激因素【單詞】equal ['ee-kwuhl]['ikwl] adj. 相等的；平等的 vt. 比得上；等於【單詞】aerodynamics [air-oh-dahy-'nam-iks][erda'nmks] n. 空氣動力學；氣體力學
Materials aren't that much better.【譯】材料沒有變得更怎麼好。
Planes mostly have to be made out of aluminum, due to strength vs stiffness vs weight limitations, but it has some issues with fatigue, so that boxes you in a bit with what you can do, particularly around stress focus locations like windows.【譯】由於強度、硬度和重量的限制，飛機大多必須由鋁製成，但它也有一些金屬疲勞問題，所以限制了我們能夠做的改進，特別是在像窗戶這樣的應力集中的地方。【單詞】aluminum [uh-'loo-muh-nuhm]['lumnm] n. 鋁 =aluminium（英）.【單詞】strength [strengkth, strength, strenth][streθ] n. 力氣；強度；力量；長處【單詞】stiffness [stif][stfns] n. 僵硬；硬度【單詞】limitations 原型：limitation [lim-i-'tey-shuhn][lm'ten] n. 限制；限度；缺點【單詞】fatigue [fuh-'teeg][f'tiɡ] n. 疲勞；疲乏 adj. 疲勞的【單詞】boxes 原型：box [boks][bks] vt. 把…裝箱；使局限於狹小空間；擋住【單詞】focus ['foh-kuhs]['fks] n. 焦點；焦距；中心 v. （使）集中；聚集 focuser focuses focused / focussed focused / focussed focusing / focussing focuses /【單詞】locations 原型：location [loh-'key-shuhn][l'ken] n. 位置；外景拍攝地；定位；地點
Bear in mind - 50 years ago folks weren't living in caves, they were landing people on the moon.【譯】請記住，50年前人們並不是住在山洞裡，而是曾讓人登上月球的年代。【單詞】bear [bair][be(r)] v. 忍受；負荷；結果；證實
【單詞】folks 原型：folk [fohk][fk] n. 人們；（某類或來自某個地方的）人【單詞】caves 原型：cave [keyv][kev] n. 洞穴；山洞【單詞】landing ['lan-ding]['lnd] n. 著陸；登陸
They had decent materials.【譯】他們有像樣的材料。【單詞】decent ['dee-suhnt]['disnt] adj. 相當好的；體面的；適當的；正派的
Putting windows in a plane will always add cost and weight, and decrease the strength of the airplane.【譯】在飛機上安裝窗戶會增加成本和重量，降低飛機的強度。【單詞】decrease [dih-'krees][d'kris] v. 減少；減小；降低
Even though we now have lighter and stronger materials, this is still true.【譯】即使我們現在有了更輕更堅固的材料，這仍然是事實。【詞法】even though是「儘管」的意思，為連詞，引導讓步狀語從句用於引導讓步狀語從句。如：He went out even though it was raining. 儘管在下雨，他還是出去了【單詞】lighter ['lahy-ter]['lat] light的形容詞/副詞比較級 更輕的
There is major pressure on the airlines to have low ticket costs, so the companies which buy airplanes are not looking to spend money on luxury if it reduces the cost efficiency of the airplane.【譯】航空公司面臨著降低機票成本的巨大壓力，因此，購買飛機的公司不會在奢侈品上花錢，因為這樣會降低飛機的成本效率。【短語】spend ... on ... 花費（時間、金錢、精力等）……在（某事物）上；例句：He didn't spend much time on his homework. 他沒花多少時間就完成了作業。【單詞】airlines 原型：airline ['air-lahyn]['elan] n. 航線；航空公司【單詞】ticket ['tik-it]['tkt] n. 票【單詞】spend [spend][spend] v. 花費；浪費【單詞】luxury ['luhk-shuh-ree]['lkri] n. 奢侈品；奢侈；豪華【單詞】reduces 原型：reduce [ri-'doos, -'dyoos][r'djus] v. 減少；縮小；簡化【單詞】efficiency [ih-'fish-uhn-see]['fnsi] n. 效率；功率
That said, newer airplane designs do have larger windows than older designs.【譯】也就是說，新的飛機設計確實比舊的設計有更大的窗戶。【短語】that said 這就是說，（引導讓步說法）即便如此，話雖如此；例句：That said, the technique remains unproved. 這也意味著，這項技術仍舊尚未得到證實。That said, "mental fitness" is still a squishy concept. 話雖如此，「精神健康」仍是模糊的概念。
If you are used to going on shorter flights, most of those are done on older airplanes like the 727 or 737, both designs are decades old.【譯】如果你習慣於短途飛行，大部分都是在727或737這樣的老式飛機上完成的，這兩種設計都有幾十年的歷史了。【短語】most of …… 大部分，大多數的；絕大多數；例句：I think most of these obstacles can be surmounted. 我認為這些障礙大多數都是可以克服的。【單詞】flights 原型：flight [flahyt][flat] n. 飛行；航班【單詞】decades 原型：decade ['dek-eyd]['deked] n. 十年
If you fly on a 787 or A380, you will notice the windows are a bit bigger.【譯】如果你乘坐787或A380飛機，你會發現窗戶有點大。【單詞】notice ['noh-tis]['nts] vt. 注意；留心