2015年1月12日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,一項刊登於國際雜誌Journal of the American Heart Association上的研究論文中,來自賓夕法尼亞州立大學的研究人員通過研究表明,每天吃一個鱷梨(牛油果)作為有益心臟健康、低膽固醇及適度脂肪飲食的一部分或可有效改善過重和肥胖個體機體的壞膽固醇水平。
文章中,研究者通過對52名年齡在21至70歲間的健康、過重或肥胖個體進行研究,評估了牛油果對個體傳統及新型心腦血管風險因子的影響,研究者給予參與者三種不同的降膽固醇飲食,在參與者進行降膽固醇飲食之前,首先進行普通美國人的飲食長達2周(即34%的熱量來自脂肪,51%的熱量來自碳水化合物以及16%的脂肪來自蛋白質),隨後參與者進行三種不同的降膽固醇飲食:無牛油果的低脂飲食、無牛油果的適度脂肪飲食、每天一個牛油果的適度脂肪飲食;這兩種適度脂肪飲食都可以為個體提供34%的熱量,而低脂飲食僅為個體提供24%的熱量;參與者被隨機分為三組,每組參與者都進行長達5周時間的飲食測試。
結果顯示,以平均美國飲食為基準作為對比,包含牛油果的適度脂肪飲食可以使得個體機體中的低密度脂蛋白(壞膽固醇)水平下降13.5mg/dL,無牛油果的適度脂肪飲食可使得個體壞膽固醇的水平下降8.3 mg/dL;而低脂飲食飲食可使得個體的壞膽固醇水平下降7.4 mg/dL。
研究者Penny M. KrisEtherton說道,在美國牛油果並不是一種主流產品,其非常昂貴,尤其在每一年的某個時候,因此大部分人並不會真正將其作為日常飲食的一部分;但是美國人通過會以玉米片配鱷梨色拉醬搭配來吃,兩者搭配起來熱量和鈉水平均較高;而牛油果卻可以和沙拉醬、蔬菜等搭配來吃。
本文研究顯示,許多和心臟健康相關的飲食方式都推薦以多不飽和脂肪酸類來代替飽和脂肪酸,從而降低心臟病的發病風險;本文表明,牛油果或可有效抑制個體機體中的低密度脂蛋白的水平,從而抑制個體心腦血管疾病的發病風險。(生物谷Bioon.com)
本文系生物谷原創編譯整理,歡迎轉載!轉載請註明來源並附原文連結。謝謝!
Effect of a Moderate Fat Diet With and Without Avocados on Lipoprotein Particle Number, Size and Subclasses in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Li Wang, PhD; Peter L. Bordi, PhD; Jennifer A. Fleming, MS, RD; Alison M. Hill, PhD; Penny M. Kris‐Etherton, PhD, RD
Background Avocados are a nutrient‐dense source of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) that can be used to replace saturated fatty acids (SFA) in a diet to lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). Well‐controlled studies are lacking on the effect of avocado consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods and Results A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial was conducted with 45 overweight or obese participants with baseline LDL‐C in the 25th to 90th percentile. Three cholesterol‐lowering diets (6% to 7% SFA) were fed (5 weeks each): a lower‐fat diet (LF: 24% fat); 2 moderate‐fat diets (34% fat) provided similar foods and were matched for macronutrients and fatty acids: the avocado diet (AV) included one fresh Hass avocado (136 g) per day, and the moderate‐fat diet (MF) mainly used high oleic acid oils to match the fatty acid content of one avocado. Compared with baseline, the reduction in LDL‐C and non‐high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol on the AV diet (−13.5 mg/dL, −14.6 mg/dL) was greater (P<0.05) than the MF (−8.3 mg/dL, −8.7 mg/dL) and LF (−7.4 mg/dL, −4.8 mg/dL) diets. Furthermore, only the AV diet significantly decreased LDL particle number (LDL‐P, −80.1 nmol/L, P=0.0001), small dense LDL cholesterol (LDL3+4, −4.1 mg/dL, P=0.04), and the ratio of LDL/HDL (−6.6%, P<0.0001) from baseline. Conclusions Inclusion of one avocado per day as part of a moderate‐fat, cholesterol‐lowering diet has additional LDL‐C, LDL‐P, and non‐HDL‐C lowering effects, especially for small, dense LDL. Our results demonstrate that avocados have beneficial effects on cardio‐metabolic risk factors that extend beyond their heart‐healthy fatty acid profile. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01235832.