科學家利用類器官在體外構建出迷你小腸
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/18 15:23:16
瑞士洛桑理工學院Matthias P. Lutolf小組通過支架引導的類器官形態發生,實現迷你小腸的構建。相關論文於2020年9月16日在線發表在《自然》雜誌上。
通過使用組織工程和細胞的固有自組織特性,研究人員將腸幹細胞誘導形成管狀上皮,其具有可及的內腔以及與體內類似的隱窩和絨毛狀結構域空間分布。當連接到外部抽水系統時,迷你腸腔是可灌洗的。這樣可以連續去除死細胞,從而將組織壽命延長數周,還可以使試管中充滿微生物,進而模擬宿主與微生物之間的相互作用。
迷你腸道包括罕見的特殊細胞類型,這些類型在常規類器官中很少見。它們保留了腸道的關鍵生理特徵,並具有顯著的再生能力。這一幹細胞自我組織為功能性類器官類的概念是廣泛適用的,並且將能夠實現更多與生理相關的類器官的形狀、大小和功能。
據悉,上皮類器官,例如從腸幹細胞衍生的類器官,在建模組織和疾病生物學方面具有巨大的潛力。但是,目前在三維基質中產生這些類器官的方法導致了具有封閉囊狀結構的隨機發育組織,這些結構限制了其壽命和大小,從而??限制了實驗操作並無法實現內穩態。
附:英文原文
Title: Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis
Author: Mikhail Nikolaev, Olga Mitrofanova, Nicolas Broguiere, Sara Geraldo, Devanjali Dutta, Yoji Tabata, Bilge Elci, Nathalie Brandenberg, Irina Kolotuev, Nikolce Gjorevski, Hans Clevers, Matthias P. Lutolf
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-16
Abstract: Epithelial organoids, such as those derived from stem cells of the intestine, have great potential for modelling tissue and disease biology1,2,3,4. However, the approaches that are used at present to derive these organoids in three-dimensional matrices5,6 result in stochastically developing tissues with a closed, cystic architecture that restricts lifespan and size, limits experimental manipulation and prohibits homeostasis. Here, by using tissue engineering and the intrinsic self-organization properties of cells, we induce intestinal stem cells to form tube-shaped epithelia with an accessible lumen and a similar spatial arrangement of crypt- and villus-like domains to that in vivo. When connected to an external pumping system, the mini-gut tubes are perfusable; this allows the continuous removal of dead cells to prolong tissue lifespan by several weeks, and also enables the tubes to be colonized with microorganisms for modelling host–microorganism interactions. The mini-intestines include rare, specialized cell types that are seldom found in conventional organoids. They retain key physiological hallmarks of the intestine and have a notable capacity to regenerate. Our concept for extrinsically guiding the self-organization of stem cells into functional organoids-on-a-chip is broadly applicable and will enable the attainment of more physiologically relevant organoid shapes, sizes and functions.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2724-8
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2724-8