Sharing the latest articles of theUNESCO Courierwith you.
與您第一時間分享聯合國教科文《信使》雜誌的最新文章。
COVID-19疫情加劇了氣候緊急狀況,財富分配不均,社區、國家和地區之間的分歧,同時造成了所謂自二戰以來最嚴重的全球危機。在全球進入COVID-19疫情緊急狀態後,許多女性的呼籲都未被我們所聽到。因此,教科文組織《信使》雜誌在本年度第三期雜誌(7-9月刊)以「一個全新的世界,源自女性的構想」為主題邀請全球的女性發出自己的聲音,以幫助我們了解這場全球性的危機正在如何影響著我們的社會,又將帶來什麼後果:我們可以從中吸取什麼教訓?危機之後的世界又會是什麼樣子?
Adding to the climate emergency, unequal distribution of wealth, and ever-deepening divides between communities, nations and regions, COVID-19 has created what some are calling the gravest global crisis since World War II. The next issue of the UNESCO Courier, under the theme of 「A Whole New World, Reimagined by Women」 will give voice only to women, many of whom have gone unheard since the start of the COVID emergency, to help understand how this crisis is affecting our societies and explore the possible consequences: What are the first lessons we can draw? How will the world look like after?
「在這場危機中,女性仍是無名英雄」
「Women are the unsung heroes of this crisis」
這場衛生危機及其後出現的全球大範圍停擺,導致針對女性的暴力行為激增。聯合國婦女署執行主任普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡(Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka)警告世人,受疫情影響,女性的權利可能遭到削弱。
The health crisis, and the subsequent widespread lockdowns worldwide, have led to a surge in violence against women. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women, warns that women's rights could be diminished as a result of the pandemic.
01
您在2020年3月警告說,衛生危機導致了性別不平等的加劇。為什麼這場疫情對女性的傷害格外嚴重?
In March 2020, you warned of an increase in gender inequality due to the health crisis. Why is this pandemic particularly detrimental to women?
普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡:在任何一場危機中,性別問題都無法置身事外,這一次也不例外。危機通常會加深男女之間業已存在的不平等。
There is no crisis that is gender neutral, and this one is no different. Often, the crisis accentuates the inequalities between men and women that already exist.
在此次疫情的衝擊下,女性處境艱難。她們當中有許多人工作在第一線,直接暴露在病毒的威脅之下。這場疫情引發的經濟和社會後果也對女性造成了沉重打擊。與男性相比,女性的工作往往更加不穩定,薪水也更低,危機造成的停擺給女性帶來了更多的經濟困難。已經有許多女性喪失了謀生手段。
Women have experienced great hardships due to this pandemic. Many of them work on the front line and have been directly exposed to the virus. They have also been hit hard by its economic and social consequences. The interruption of activity due to the crisis has led to greater economic hardship for women, who generally work in more precarious and lower-paid jobs than men. Many of them have lost their means of livelihood.
此外,許多婦女依賴社會服務。但在疫情期間,要獲得這些服務越來越困難了。那些原本就得不到社會支持的女性,受到的衝擊更嚴重。
Additionally, many women depend on social services, which have become less accessible during this period. Those who did not have access to social support in the first place, are even worse hit.
02
這場疫情讓護士、教師、收銀員等必要職業備受關注,而這些都是以女性為主的職業。這場危機會改變我們對這些從業者的認識嗎?
The pandemic has brought to the forefront crucial professions – such as nurses, teachers, cashiers – in which women are over-represented. Could this crisis change the way we perceive these workers?
普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡:在這場危機中,女性是真正的英雄,哪怕她們沒有得到承認。但令人不解的是,人們普遍沒有意識到女性實際上承擔著應對這場危機的責任。即便是她們挽救了生命,也依然無人喝彩。
Women are the real heroes of this crisis, even if they are not recognized as such. But curiously, there seems to be a lack of awareness that women are actually shouldering the response to this crisis. Even if they are saving lives, they remain unsung heroes.
我希望這種看法今後能夠改變。也正是因此,我們必須大談而特談女性發揮的作用,高調宣傳女性的付出,讓所有人都無法迴避這個問題。
I hope that this perception will change. That is why we have to keep talking about the role they play – put their efforts front and centre, so no one can escape it.
03
女性可以如何改變危機管理工作?
What can women bring to crisis management?
普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡:在世人看來,女性主要承擔照料者的職責,無論是否有償。但人們也知道,當前的這場危機不僅僅是一個有待解決的公共衛生問題。由於女性深諳如何同時處理多項工作,她們或許更能理解,在當前這種情況下需要應對眾多因素——經濟、社會、衛生、糧食安全。女性在日常生活中時常遇到交叉性問題,她們對此有著更加深切的認識。由此可見,應對這類危機,可以說是女性與生俱來的本能。
Women are viewed by our societies as the main carers, whether paid or unpaid. But they also know how to go beyond thinking of this as a purely health-related crisis to be managed. Because women know how to multitask, they are perhaps better placed to understand that in a situation like this, we are dealing with several factors – such as economic, social, health and food security. They have a better understanding of intersectionality because they experience it on a daily basis. So they are already hardwired to deal with crises like these.
04
您在2020年4月發表的聲明中提到,似乎出現了暴力侵害女性行為增多的假象。遏制病毒傳播的措施對女性境況產生了哪些影響?
In a statement in April 2020, you referred to the phantom pandemic of increased violence against women. What impact have the lockdocks had on the situation of women?
普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡:我在那份聲明中指出,世界各地的家庭暴力受害者求助熱線和庇護所都在報告,有更多人尋求幫助。限制措施使得矛盾升級,迫使受到伴侶虐待的女性陷入更加深重的隔絕狀態,同時切斷了對她們最有利的各項服務。由於婦女和女童無法便捷地使用電話和求助熱線,同時也由於警察、司法和社會服務等公共服務中斷,種種特殊情況造成舉報施虐行為變得更加複雜。
In that statement, I said that helplines and shelters for victims of domestic violence around the world have reported an increase in calls for help. The confinement has exacerbated tensions and increased the isolation of women with abusive partners, while cutting them off from the services that are best able to help them. This particular context has made reporting abuse even more complicated, due to limitations on women’s and girls』 access to phones and helplines, and disrupted public services like police, justice and social services.
在一些國家,保護家庭暴力受害者的服務不屬於必要服務。女性不得不繼續與施虐者同處一室,而且得不到任何援助。這就使得女性在面對暴力侵害時的處境更加窘迫。
In some countries, where services to protect victims of domestic violence are not considered essential services, women have been deprived of all help, while they remain locked in their homes with their abusers. This has made it even more difficult for women to cope with the violence.
05
女性的權利可能被削弱嗎?
Is there a risk that women's rights are being diminished?
普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡:這是肯定的,女性權利問題已經退居次席,在某些情況下甚至停滯不前。我們絕不能聽任這種情況發生。
Definitely, women’s rights have taken a step back – they are even grinding to a halt in some cases. We must not allow this to happen.
今年(2020年)對於女性來說是重要的一年。今年是聯合國安全理事會關於婦女、和平與安全問題的第1325號決議通過20周年。我們必須推進各項計劃,為再次積極行動起來作好準備。但是,我們必須確保女性權利問題始終擺在議程首位,不能被束之高閣。對於女性來說,實現自身權利和平安度過COVID-19疫情同樣重要。爭取女性權利和抗擊疫情是兩場同時進行的戰鬥,我們一個都不能輸。
This year, 2020, is a big year for women. It marks the twentieth anniversary of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 (on Women, Peace and Security). We must push on all the plans that we have, and get ready for when it is possible to be more active. But we have to stay on top of that agenda and we cannot shelve it. It is as important for women to achieve their rights as it is to survive COVID-19. These two battles [for women’s rights and against the disease] have to be fought together. And we have to win them both.
06
如何確保女性權利不會在這場危機中受到損害?
How can we ensure that women's rights are not victims of this crisis?
普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡:以經濟為例,我們必須確保(各國政府提供的)一攬子經濟刺激方案明確將女性作為扶助對象,並且適用於在非正規行業就業的女性。我們必須繼續努力爭取這些權利。危機過後,消除性別暴力的鬥爭不會隨之結束。我們必須保持警惕,力爭逐步減少暴力侵害女性的行為。
In the economy, for instance, we have to make sure that the stimulus packages [offered by governments in different countries] target women very clearly, and that they work for the women in the informal sector. These are some of the rights that we will have to continue to fight for. The fight against gender-based violence will not end after the crisis. We must remain vigilant and aim to flatten the curve of violence against women.
我們必須鼓勵女性在這場抗疫行動中勇於擔當領導職務,特別是在衛生部門和其他部門的女性就業人數偏少的國家,並呼籲在一些部門實現更加公平的女性工作人員佔比。這是我們必須集中精力開展的工作。
We must also encourage women to take up positions of leadership in the response to the pandemic in the fight against the virus – especially in countries where they are under-represented in the health sector and beyond – and call for fairer representation in certain sectors. This is where our efforts must be focused.
此外還應鼓勵發展遠程教育,同時也要確保數字鴻溝不會隨之繼續擴大。社區並非總能獲取技術;即便有了技術,也還存在性別數字鴻溝。我們必須繼續為之奮鬥。當教育轉向數字平臺時,我們必須確保貧困社區的女童不會錯失教育機會。
It is also necessary to encourage the development of distance education, while ensuring that it is not accompanied by a widening of the digital divide. Communities do not always have access to technology, and even where there is technology, there is still a gender digital divide. We have to continue to make that fight a reality. We have to make sure that girls in poor communities do not miss out on education when education moves to digital platforms.
我希望聯合國教科文組織、聯合國婦女署、寬帶委員會、國際電信聯盟與各國教育部通力合作,確保在農村學校和非正規定居點的社區建設寬帶基礎設施,讓所有人無論身處何處都享有教育機會。
I hope that UNESCO, UN Women, the Broadband Commission, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and ministries of education can work together to ensure that a broadband infrastructure is established in rural schools and communities in informal settlements – so that everyone, everywhere, has access to education.
新冠疫情專刊 | 一個全新的世界,源自女性的構想
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