end n.目的（an aim or a purpose）比如◇We are willing to make any concessions necessary to this end (= in order to achieve this). 我們願意為此作出任何必要的讓步。 end 在這裡重新解讀了「目的」，它不同於我們所知道的purpose，aim，goal ,此處用end 來表達所知的終極目標。
survey n.概述，全面評述(a general study, view or description of something) 比如◇a comprehensive survey of modern music現代音樂的綜合概覽。
conviction /kənˈvɪkʃn/ n.堅定的信念（a strong opinion or belief）比如◇We were sustained by the conviction that all would be well in the end. 我們堅信一切都會好起來，這種信念使我們得到了支持。
force sth. upon sb. 把某種觀念，責任等強加到某人身上。(to make sb. accept sth. that they do not want)
past master 行家；能手（a person who is very good at something because they have a lot of experience in ）相當於expert。表示某人是做某事的高手，可以說： past master at（ doing） something 比如◇She's a past master at getting what she wants.她可是個精明的人,想要什麼就能得到什麼。
zest /zest/ n.熱情（pleasure and enthusiasm）慣用搭配為sb. have a great zest for sth.某人對.抱有巨大熱情。比如◇He had a great zest for life.他對生活有極大的熱情。
mellow /ˈmeləʊ/ adj.成熟的，圓潤的（of people) calm, gentle and reasonable because of age or experience）相當於mature。比如◇Dad's certainly grown mellower with age.隨著年齡的增長，父親變得更加成熟了。
keen /kiːn/ adj.熱切的(enthusiastic about an activity or idea, etc.) 慣用搭配為be keen on doing something 對做某事著迷。比如◇I wasn't too keen on going to the party.我不太喜歡去參加聚會。
口語裡有一個高頻表達：as keen as mustard。mustard是「芥末」的意思，我們知道芥末的味道很刺激、很衝，這個短語被用來表示「極其渴望、特別感興趣」。比如◇1. She is as keen as mustard about going to Paris. 她特別渴望去巴黎。2. His family is very poor, but he wants to go to school as keen as mustard. 他的家庭特別窮，但是他特別渴望去上學。表示「渴望」的詞組還可以用be thirsty for something，或者be eager for something，例如：1. She is thirsty for success. 她非常渴望成功。2. I'm eager for my holiday. 我非常渴望我的假期。
lot n.命運（a person's luck or situation in life）相當於destiny。比如◇She was feeling dissatisfied with her lot. 她對自己的命運感到不滿。慣用搭配為fall to one's lot聽天由命 ，近義短語：enjoy life as it is。
enjoy /accept sth. as it is 不管什麼情況，都去享受，承受，接納
whole-hearted adj.全心全意的（complete and enthusiastic）
incorrigibe /ɪnˈkɒrɪdʒəbl/ adj.不可救藥的（having bad habits that cannot be changed or improved）相當於incurable。比如◇I am an incorrigible idealist, and my expectations are often high. 我是一個病入膏肓的完美主義者，總是期望過高。
heathen [ˈhiːðn] n. 異教徒；粗野的人（used by people who have a strong religious belief as a way of referring to a person who has no religion or who believes in a religion that is not one of the world’s main religions）比如◇He set out to convert the heathen.他開始使異教徒改變信仰。
account for 解釋，說明（to give an explanation of something），相當於 explain。比如◇He was unable to account for the error.他無法解釋這個錯誤。account for在外刊中常見含義是:（比例）佔,相當於make up,comprise（ to be a particular amount or part of something）。比如◇The Japanese market accounts for 35 per cent of the company's revenue.日本市場佔該公司營收的35%。
joviaity /ˌdʒəʊviˈæləti/ n.愉悅，幸福（the quality of being very cheerful and friendly）
Confucius [kən'fju:ʃjəs] n.孔子
Don't know life-how know death? 未知生，焉知死？詞句翻譯精妙，既保留了形式的準確，也精妙傳達了中文的原意。
bourgeois /ˌbʊəˈʒwɑː/ adj. 世俗的；中產階級的 （a person who belongs to the middle class）
unmetaphysical adj.不追求概念層面的，只重視具體問題的
metaphysical /ˌmetəˈfɪzɪkl/ adj.形上學的
characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/ v.描繪.的特徵（to describe or show the qualities of somebody/something in a particular way）比如◇Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.兩家公司都認為彼此的關係是友好的。