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正文翻譯
How many generations does average wealth last?
平均情況下，積攢的財富可以在子孫後代中維繫多少代呢？
評論翻譯
1. Susanna Viljanen upxed August 7 · Upvoted by Sven Jakusch, Ph.D. Finance & Econometrics, Goethe University Frankfurt (2014)
It depends. According to an Italian study - What’s your (sur)name? Intergenerational mobility over six centuries, those families which were rich in the Middle Ages, are likely to be rich even today, but those families which were poor in the Middle Ages, are likely to be poor.
這個問題需要特殊情況特殊對待。根據義大利的一項研究「你叫什麼名字」，通過對6個世紀以來的代際變化的研究，那些在中世紀富有的家庭，可能今天也會富有，但那些在中世紀貧窮的家庭，則可能仍然是貧窮的。
The often quoted 「three generations」 is a cliché. True, this thing happens: the first generation makes it, the second maintains it and third demolishes it, but far more common is that the fourth and subsequent generations are prosperous instead of poor.
經常被提及的「三代子孫」已經是陳詞濫調的論述了。確實，這樣的事情發生了:第一代人負責創造財富，第二代人負責維持財富，第三代人則負責揮霍財富，但更常見的是第四代及之後的後代富裕而不是貧窮。
Give them everything and demand of them nothing. This way you will get spoiled kids who cannot stand any setbacks.
Give them nothing and demand of them everything. This way you will get insecure, hesitant and timid kids who avoid challenges rather than face them.
Treat your kids like $hit and consider them incompetent buffoons. You bet they are sure to become such as well.
摧毀孩子的方式有三種：
1.給他們一切，不要求他們什麼。這樣你會培養出經不起任何挫折的孩子。
2.什麼都不給他們，什麼都要求他們。這樣你會得到缺乏安全感、優柔寡斷、膽小的孩子，他們會逃避挑戰而不是面對挑戰。
3.對待你的孩子就像對待一個傻瓜，認為他們是無能的人。他們最終也一定會變成這樣的人。
錨點If the patriarch (and the subsequent heads of the families) manage to avoid those pitfalls and the sense of entitlement, the wealth may last for centuries.
如果創始人(以及家族的後續負責人)能夠設法避免這些缺陷，那麼財富可能會持續幾個世紀。
2. Michael Kay, former Retired IT Consultant / Systems Analyst upxed August 15, 2017
錨點It depends on individual circumstances. But there do seem to be two typical progressions:
One or two generations build wealth. There may be a first generation with limited success, but they may lay the groundwork for wealth.
Then comes the key family member who becomes very successful and wealthy.
But the next generation, who have been brought up to wealth, squander it and return to poverty.
這取決於個人情況。但確實有兩種典型的發展：
一代或二代人積累財富。也許第一代人的成就有限，但他們也為財富奠定了基礎。
然後是關鍵的家庭成員，他們會變得非常成功和富有。
但是，被富養長大的下一代卻揮霍錢財，最終又回歸了貧窮。
錨點Or that generation realise that the wealth was hard earned and keeping it needs work. Successful businesses either expand or contract and die. If they do this, then the work ethic becomes ingrained and the family wealth is likely to persist far into the future.
Here are two examples of families from similar backgrounds who took these two different routes.
或者這一代人意識到財富來之不易，知道守護財富需要不斷的努力。成功的企業要麼不斷擴張，要麼不斷縮小，直至最後消亡。如果他們這樣認為，那麼他們的職業道德就會根深蒂固，家庭財富很可能會延續到未來很久。
下面是兩個背景相似的家庭，他們採取了兩條不同的路線。
錨點A distant ancestor of mine was Veith Ehrenstamm, an Austrian Jew, who became very wealthy building a business supplying the Austrian army during the Napoleonic wars with everything they needed on campaign apart from weapons - clothes, boots, tents, food, cookware, etc. His father had tried but failed to set up a successful business (probably partly due to restrictions on Jews). Veith succeeded! But his sons grew up in luxury and after his death, squandered the family wealth. The scandal of the bankruptcy lasted over 20 years! So 3 generations from poverty back to poverty. A sister was rescued from the family disaster by a decent marriage and was my ancestor.
我的一個遠祖 Veith Ehrenstamm是奧地利猶太人。他在拿破崙戰爭期間建立了一家企業，為奧地利軍隊提供除了武器以外的所有戰爭所需的東西——衣服、靴子、帳篷、食物、炊具等等，他因此變得非常富有。他的父親曾嘗試創辦一家成功的企業，但未能成功(失敗原因可能是由於對猶太人的苛刻)。但是 Veith成功了! Veith的兒子們在奢侈的環境中長大。在他死後，很快揮霍了家族的財富。破產的醜聞持續了20多年!從貧窮回到貧窮，只經歷了三代。Veith的一個女兒通過一段體面的婚姻脫離了家庭的災難，這個人就是我的祖先。
Contrast this with the Rothschild family, also a Jewish family who first gained wealth in central Europe at about the same time. Their first wealthy member was Mayer Amschel Rothschild, born in 1744. His sons worked hard and expanded across Europe, keeping the growing wealth generated in financial centres in different countries in the family. Appropriate arranged marriages also helped. The Rothschilds were the wealthiest family of the 19th century and remain super-wealthy today.
與此形成對比的是Rothschild家族。他們也是一個猶太家族，大約在同一時期在中歐崛起。家族的第一個富豪是生於1744年的Mayer Amschel Rothschild。他的兒子們努力工作，並在歐洲各地擴張業務，不斷的為家族增加財富。Rothschilds家族是19世紀最富有的家族，至今仍是超級富豪。
3. Wirawan Winarto , Indonesian. Ex-engineer at Microsoft, Samsung, & Intel Answered September 15, 2017
There is a Chinese proverbs : 「From peasants』 shoes to peasants』 shoes all in just three generations.」
That’s how long an average family wealth last. Three generations.
There is a popular anecdote that the first generation to build wealth, the second generation to maintain wealth, the third generation to spend all the wealth.
中國有句諺語:「錨點一朝回到革命前。」
這就是一個普通家庭財富持續的時間：三代人。
民間流產著這樣的趣聞：第一代創造財富，第二代維持財富，第三代揮霍財富。
「Most of them have no clue as to the value of money or how to handle it. Generation Threes are usually doomed."
70% of Rich Families Lose Their Wealth by the Second Generation
Previously, there was also a survey conducted to 483 billionaires, only 13 are coming from fourth generation.
他們中的大多數人對金錢的價值和如何處理金錢毫無頭緒。第三代人通常是註定要失敗的。」
70%的富裕家庭在第二代之前就失去了他們的財富。
之前也有對483位億萬富翁的調查，其中只有13位富豪是第四代人。
4. Zaylan Jacobsen, lives in Washington Answered September 15, 2017 · Upvoted by Vikram, former Owner at Business and Shraddha Pandya, M.B.A. Marketing & Finance, Great Lakes Institute of Management (2012)
Three.
只需要三代人。
錨點Generation 1 goes through hard times and becomes a strong man. He has a son, named Generation 2, who is born before the strong man has made it. Generation 2 grows up with a better life than his father, but still struggles and learns to be a strong man. Later in Generation 2’s life, Generation 1 brings forth good times for himself and Generation 2. Generation 2 takes over after his father and creates good times. Generation 3 is born and grows up in the good times. Generation 3 is a weak man and after the death of his father, Generation 2, he fails in keeping the family wealth and brings about hard times. The cycle continues.
第一代經歷了艱難歲月，成為一個強者。他有一個兒子，出生在他成功之前，叫第二代。第二代的生活比他的父親好，但仍然努力學習做一個強者。在第二代之後的生活中，第一代為自己和第二代帶來了美好的時代。第二代繼承了他父親的事業，繼續創造美好的時代。第三代是在大好時代出生和成長的。第三代是一個軟弱的人，在他的父親去世後，他無法守護家族的財富，造成了艱難的時代。而且這種情況不斷循環往復著。
5. Elena Ledoux, Founder at MommyGO (2017-present) upxed September 1, 2017 · Upvoted by William Chesoni, Undergraduate: Bachelor of Commerce; Marketing and Jerry Joy, MBA Marketing & Finance (2006)
I like the founder of Dubai’s quote:
"My grandfather rode a camel, my father rode a camel, I drive a Mercedes, my son drives a Land Rover, his son will drive a Land Rover, but his son will ride a camel." [1]
It was concerning oil and diversification of its economy. But it fits nicely with studies showing most wealth is destroyed within three generations.
我喜歡杜拜創始人的這句話:
「我的祖父騎駱駝，我的父親騎駱駝，我開奔馳，我的兒子開路虎，他的兒子開路虎，但他的兒子會騎駱駝。」
這是關於石油和經濟多樣化的問題。但這與研究結果非常吻合。研究顯示，大多數財富在三代之內就被摧毀了。
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