國民生產總值 GNP (Gross National Product)
人均國民生產總值 per capita GNP
產值 output value
鼓勵 give incentive to
投入 input
宏觀控制 exercise macro-control
優化經濟結構 optimize the economic structure
輸入活力 bring vigor into
改善經濟環境 improve economic environment
整頓經濟秩序 rectify economic order
有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation
非公有成分 non-public sectors
主要成分 dominant sector
實在的 tangible
全體會議 plenary session
解放生產力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley
舉措 move
實事求是 seek truth from facts
引進、輸入 importation
和平演變 peaceful evolution
試一下 have a go (at sth.)
精華、精粹、實質 quintessence
家庭聯產責任承包製 family-contract responsibility system
搞活企業 invigorate enterprises
商品經濟 commodity economy
基石 cornerstone
零售 retail
發電量 electric energy production
有色金屬 nonferrous metals
人均收入 per capita income
使負擔 be saddled with
營業發達的公司 going concerns
被兼併或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business
善於接受的 receptive
增額、增值、增長 increment
發展過快 excessive growth
抽樣調查 data from the sample survey
扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)
實際增長率 actual growth rate
國際收支 international balance of payments
流通制度 circulation system
總工資 total wages
分配形式 forms of distribution
風險資金 risk funds
管理不善 poor management
一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basic points
以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則(1)社會主義道路(2)黨的領導(3)人民民主專政(4)馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅持改革開放
the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.
改革是"社會主義制度的自我完善和自我發展"。
Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."
我們辨別的標準是看這樣做是否有利於發展社會主義的生產力，是否有利於增強社會主義國家的綜合國力，是否有利於提高人民的生活水平。
The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.
社會主義的最終目標是解放生產力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.
要人們警惕右和"左"的影響，特別是"左"的根深蒂固的影響。
to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.
中國要警惕右，但更要防"左"。
China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation.
資本主義和社會主義並不是以計劃經濟和市場的多少來劃分的。
Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.
隨著改革的深化，國家指令性計劃的範圍將會縮小，而市場調節的範圍將會擴大。
As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.
初步建立社會主義計劃商品經濟新體制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.
各盡所能，按勞/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.
經濟結構改革。
reform in economic structure
剩餘勞動力。
surplus labor
經營機制
operative mechanism
發揮市場的調節作用
to give play to the regulatory role of the market
經濟和法律的槓桿
economic and legal leverages
經濟計劃和市場調節相結合
to combine economic planning with market regulation
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計劃經濟和市場調節相結合的機制
a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation
取消國家對農產品的統購統銷
to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products
改革重點轉移到城市
the focus of reform is shifted to the cities
國家的根本任務是，集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設
The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.
逐步實現工業、農業、國防和科學技術的現代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.
社會主義經濟制度的基礎是生產資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.
國有經濟，即社會主義全民所有制經濟，是國民經濟中的主導力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.
國家保障國有經濟的鞏固和發展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
農業 farming
林業 forestry
畜牧業 animal husbandry
副業 sideline production
漁業 fishing
第一產業 primary industry
第二產業 secondary industry
第三產業 tertiary industry
生產資料 means of production
生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence
生產關係 relations of production
生產力 productive forces
公有制 public ownership
私有制 private ownership
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people
社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership
厲行節約，反對浪費 to practice strict economy and combat waste
外資企業 foreign-funded enterprise
合資企業 joint venture
合作企業 cooperative enterprise
獨資企業 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise
基本框架 basic framework
辦學效益 efficiency in school management
協調發展 doordinated and balanced program of development
教育投入 input in education
優化教師隊伍 optimize the teaching staff
實行分區規劃 practice regional planning
社會參與 communal participation
新增勞動力 incoming labor force
職前教育 pre-service education
崗位培訓 undergo job-specific training
提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awareness of ...
職業道德 professional ethics
重點學科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study
(大學)專科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs
掃盲班 literacy class
註冊人數 enrollment
年齡段(層)age bracket
反覆灌輸 inculcate
希望工程 Project Hope
學齡兒童 school-ager
人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources
輟/失學青少年 school dropout/leaver
基金會 foundation
服務性行業 service trade
在職培訓 on-the-job/in-service training
國際勞工組織 International Labor Organization
基礎科學 the fundamentals
學分制 the credit system
三學期制 the trimester system
雙學士制 a double BA degree system
主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field
教學、科研、生產的"三結合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and production
三結合聯合體 tripartite complex
定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers
包分配 guarantee job assignments
燎原計劃 the Prairie Fire Program
示範試點 demonstration pilot project
結合、使加入 incorporate
動員 mobilize
稅收 tax revenue
多學科的 multi-disciplinary
重點大學 key university
授予(學士)confer
被授權 be authorized to do
博士後科研流動站 center for post-doctoral studies