科學家首次獲得具有形成性多能性的小鼠和人類幹細胞
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/12/4 13:24:35
近日,英國劍橋大學Austin Smith、Masaki Kinoshita等研究人員合作獲得具有形成性多能性的小鼠和人類幹細胞。2020年12月2日,《細胞—幹細胞》雜誌在線發表了這項成果。
研究人員表示,多能細胞在囊胚中作為初始群體出現,獲得種系和體細胞形成的能力,然後進行譜系啟動。小鼠胚胎幹細胞(ESC)和表皮細胞衍生的幹細胞(EpiSC)分別代表了多能性的最初起始和最終活化階段。
研究人員測試了中間態的形成性階段。通過使用最低的分化信號處理,研究人員從形成性小鼠上皮細胞中衍生出幹細胞。與ESC或EpiSC不同,形成性幹(FS)細胞直接對生殖細胞誘導產生反應。他們在嵌合體中定殖體細胞組織和種系。全轉錄組分析顯示與妊娠前形成性成骨細胞相似。信號響應能力和染色質可及性特徵反映了譜系獲能。此外,FS細胞顯示出獨特的轉錄因子依賴性,並嚴重依賴於Otx2。
最後,適用於人類初始細胞或胚胎的FS細胞培養條件能夠支持類似幹細胞的擴增,這與哺乳動物多能性軌跡的保守形成一致。
附:英文原文
Title: Capture of Mouse and Human Stem Cells with Features of Formative Pluripotency
Author: Masaki Kinoshita, Michael Barber, William Mansfield, Yingzhi Cui, Daniel Spindlow, Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo, Sabine Dietmann, Jennifer Nichols, Austin Smith
Issue&Volume: 2020-12-02
Abstract: Pluripotent cells emerge as a naive founder population in the blastocyst, acquire capacity for germline and soma formation, and then undergo lineage priming. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast-derived stem cells (EpiSCs) represent the initial naive and final primed phases of pluripotency, respectively. Here, we investigate the intermediate formative stage. Using minimal exposure to specification cues, we derive stem cells from formative mouse epiblast. Unlike ESCs or EpiSCs, formative stem (FS) cells respond directly to germ cell induction. They colonize somatic tissues and germline in chimeras. Whole-transcriptome analyses show similarity to pre-gastrulation formative epiblast. Signal responsiveness and chromatin accessibility features reflect lineage capacitation. Furthermore, FS cells show distinct transcription factor dependencies, relying critically on Otx2. Finally, FS cell culture conditions applied to human naive cells or embryos support expansion of similar stem cells, consistent with a conserved staging post on the trajectory of mammalian pluripotency.
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.005
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(20)30543-9