果蠅卵巢至腸內類固醇信號轉導有助於其生存
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/7/9 16:47:03
德國海德堡大學Bruce A. Edgar和德國癌症研究中心Aurelio A. Teleman研究組合作發現,果蠅卵巢到腸內類固醇信號轉導引起適應權衡。這一研究成果於2020年7月6日在線發表在《自然》上。
研究人員發現,果蠅從卵巢到腸道的類固醇信號轉導,特別是在已交配的雌性動物中促進了腸道的生長,並增強了它們的生殖能力。果蠅活躍的卵巢產生類固醇激素蛻皮激素,它通過類固醇受體EcR和Usp及其下遊靶點Broad、Eip75B和Hr3刺激腸道幹細胞在兩個不同的增殖期分裂和擴增。儘管蛻皮激素依賴的雌性腸上皮細胞生長增加了繁殖力,但更活躍和更多的腸道幹細胞也增加了雌性年齡依賴性腸異型增生和腫瘤發生的敏感度,從而潛在地降低了壽命。
這項工作揭示了當器官間信號改變幹細胞行為以優化器官大小時發生了適應性狀的權衡。
據悉,性二態性是由雄性和雌性細胞之間的遺傳差異以及全身性激素差異引起的。人們對性激素如何影響非生殖器官的了解很少,但鑑於許多疾病存在性別差異,這與健康高度相關。
附:英文原文
Title: Fitness trade-offs incurred by ovary-to-gut steroid signalling in Drosophila
Author: Sara Mahmoud H. Ahmed, Julieta A. Maldera, Damir Krunic, Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva, Clothilde Pnalva, Aurelio A. Teleman, Bruce A. Edgar
Issue&Volume: 2020-07-08
Abstract: Sexual dimorphism arises from genetic differences between male and female cells, and from systemic hormonal differences1,2,3. How sex hormones affect non-reproductive organs is poorly understood, yet highly relevant to health given the sex-biased incidence of many diseases4. Here we report that steroid signalling in Drosophila from the ovaries to the gut promotes growth of the intestine specifically in mated females, and enhances their reproductive output. The active ovaries of the fly produce the steroid hormone ecdysone, which stimulates the division and expansion of intestinal stem cells in two distinct proliferative phases via the steroid receptors EcR and Usp and their downstream targets Broad, Eip75B and Hr3. Although ecdysone-dependent growth of the female gut augments fecundity, the more active and more numerous intestinal stem cells also increase female susceptibility to age-dependent gut dysplasia and tumorigenesis, thus potentially reducing lifespan. This work highlights the trade-offs in fitness traits that occur when inter-organ signalling alters stem-cell behaviour to optimize organ size.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2462-y
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2462-y