更多內容請百度搜索：可小果
重要提醒本片介紹移植手術包含大量手術現場燒燙傷等鏡頭可能引起不適
現代醫學最偉大的成就之一
Being able to cheat death when our organs fail
就是在臟器功能衰竭時
by having a transplant,
通過器官移植來躲避死亡
is one of the great achievements of modern medicine.
成功了 患者的血液流入
Success, the kidney colours and swells
移植腎顏色變紅 開始充血膨脹
as the patient's blood surges through it.
感覺上帝又給了我
I feel like I've been blessed with
繼續活下去的機會
the opportunity to live a longer life.
移植手術後 我感覺棒極了
I've felt, since my transplant, absolutely wonderful.
這條路布滿了流血和犧牲
Yet, it's been a long and bloody fight
外科醫生在道德準繩的約束下
for surgeons who faced ethical hurdles
採用死者身上的器官
to revive the living with organs
來延長病患的生命
culled from the dead.
我想知道 把人的身體
I wonder what the fury of heaven
視作一系列的備用零件
would be at the notion
他們必須扮演上帝來創造奇蹟嗎
會引起天庭怎樣的震怒
our bodies are collections of spare parts.
而對患者而言
And also for the patients,
他們願意不惜一切代價
willing to gamble and endure almost anything
以延長自己的生命
in their bid for a longer life.
總要有人搞清楚到底怎麼回事
Somebody has to find out how it goes.
橫豎總是一死
If the ship's sinking
這總算是最後的稻草
and this is the last life raft, you know?
那兩個病人後來怎麼樣了
And the two patients, what happened to them?
都死了
They died.
在過去的45年裡
For the last 45 years
地平線劇組和英國廣播公司記錄下了
Horizon and the BBC have charted the progress of surgeons
外科醫生們開闢新領域時
whose desire to break new ground
所經歷的毀譽參半全過程
drove them to glory and disaster.
對移植
Cardiac surgeons
一無所知的心臟外科醫生
who knew absolutely nothing about transplantation,
想要向世人證明 他們也能完成心臟移植手術
wanted to show that they also could transplant the heart
死亡率 100%
with a 100% mortality.
早期移植手術並不順利
Despite early failures,
但外科醫生們在獲取供體器官方面
surgeons have largely succeeded in their attempts
取得了巨大成功
to harvest the body.
現在 因為器官短缺
Now, the challenge of organ shortage
迫使科學研究另闢蹊徑
is driving science in ever stranger directions.
為了延長生命
How far could and should
我們可以做什麼 並為此付出多少呢
we go in our bid to prolong life?
修補生命 地平線移植指南
在我上醫學院時
When I was a medical student,
麥可·莫斯利
類似腎臟移植的手術已經相當普遍
things like kidney transplants were relatively commonplace.
但在那之後的25年裡
But in the 25 years since then
我見識到了一些非常卓越
I have seen some truly remarkable,
有時也會令人不安的醫學突破
and occasionally disturbing breakthroughs.
最近的一個例子 是全臉移植手術
Most recently, the transplantation of a whole human face.
我來到波士頓的
I've come to Boston
2011年《醫學前沿》
布萊根婦女醫院
to the Brigham and Women's Hospital
見到了一位全世界最頂尖的
to meet one of the world's leading
整形外科
臉部整形外科醫生
face transplant surgeons,
波馬哈·波瑪海克醫生
Dr.Bohdan Pomahac.
早上好
Good morning.
早上好 你好
Morning. Hey, how are you?
我是麥可·莫斯利
Hi, Michael Mosley.
帥小夥 對吧
Good-looking boy, isn't he?
以前是 可惜10年前
He was. Yes, until he stepped on
他踩上了一根通電的電線
that live wire about 10 years ago.
當米奇·亨特20歲時
Mitch Hunter was just 20 years old
開車撞上了一根電線桿
when his car crashed into a pole
遭到了萬伏高壓的電擊
containing a 10,000 volt electrical cable.
他的臉部毀損非常嚴重
The injuries to his face were horrendous.
這是他送去急救時的照片
That's the actual arrival following injury.
可憐的孩子 這真是
Poor soul. That is...
真是很可憐
there's something about it,
我本來有點心理準備的
I was kind of prepared for it,
但還是被嚇了一跳
but that was...that's a shock.
儘管之前已做過16次整形手術
Despite 16 previous operations,
以修補受傷的臉部
to correct the injuries,
米奇依然是面目全非
Mitch's face was still very disfigured.
所以他決定接受異體臉移植術
So he agreed to become one of the first
成為最早將死者臉部裝到自己頭上人之一
to have a dead man's face transplanted onto his own.
首先 由14名外科醫生組成的團隊
First, a team of 14 surgeons
小心地移除他毀損的臉
has to carefully remove his old face.
然後通過精細的顯微血管外科技術
Painstaking microvascular surgery
將米奇頭部的血管與移植臉連接起來
is needed to attach Mitch's arteries to the new face.
血液的供給至關重要
Blood supply is absolutely critical.
如果沒有血供
Without blood supply
移植臉就無法存活
the face is not going to be alive.
最後 將新臉
Finally, the face
與米奇頭部的皮膚縫合在一起
is stitched to Mitch's own skin.
14個小時後 手術圓滿完成
After 14 hours the operation is complete.
術後四個月
Four months after surgery
我去探望米奇 看他是否適應了
I went to see how Mitch was getting used
自己的新臉
to his new face.
頭一個月 我的面部就開始有了知覺
I would say within the first month I started getting sensation
四五個月後情況持續好轉
and, um, I think I'm going on the fourth and fifth month
知覺比第一個月強烈了很多
and it's 10 times better than what it was the first month.
我能感覺到周圍環境的變化
You know, I can feel a lot more, like,
現在我能感覺到微風在吹拂著我的臉
I can feel the breeze on my face now.
感覺很不錯 對嗎
Which is nice, isn't it?
真沒想到在這麼短的時間裡
It's just amazing how much sensation
我的知覺恢復了如此之多
that I've gained back in such a short time.
雖然不完美
It's not perfect,
但這種以前被人們視為
but something that was once seen
蹩腳科幻小說情節的手術
as bad science fiction
卻讓米奇過上了比較滿意的正常人生活
is giving Mitch a much-appreciated chance of a normal life.
可在100多年以前
Yet, just over 100 years ago
移植手術這個概念
the very idea of transplantation
完全是異想天開
was unimaginable.
這一切因一名法國總統的去世而改變
All that changed with the death of a French president.
當時是1894年6月
It was June, 1894,
卡諾總統在去裡昂的路上
and President Carnot was on his way to Lyons
被一個持刀的無政府主義者襲擊
when he was attacked by a knife-wielding anarchist...
一根大動脈被切斷
..severing a vital artery.
當時的外科醫生根本不知道
Surgeons had no idea
如何重新連接被切斷的血管
how to reconnect the severed blood vessels.
卡諾被殺
法國總統在裡昂被暗殺
而卡諾總統因流血過多而死
And President Carnot bled to death.
一名年輕的醫生 亞力克西·卡雷爾
A young doctor, Alexis Carrel,
眼睜睜地看著總統去世
watched his president die
這讓他極為震撼
and was appalled.
之後如著迷般 他致力於血管縫合技術
Now obsessed, he learnt stitching
並花了數年時間
and then spent years
研究如何修復脆弱的血管
grappling with fragile blood vessels
並最終找到一種完美的技術
before finally perfecting a technique
能將血管嚴密縫合 血流完全暢通
that drew the ends together in a perfect seal.
他於1912年獲得諾貝爾醫學獎
卡雷爾開創了血管外科學
Carrel had invented vascular surgery.
但這對卡雷爾來說遠遠不夠
But that was not enough for Carrel.
他想到 為什麼不用這種新的外科技術
Why not, he thought, uses new surgical technique
將一個生命的器官
to take an organ from one body
縫合到另一個生命的身體裡呢
and attach it to another?
穿著他那標誌性的黑色手術服
Dressed in his trademark black,
他進行了一系列令人毛骨悚然的試驗
he embarked on a series of grisly and sinister experiments.
他將一隻幼犬的腎臟
He took the kidney out of a puppy
植入一隻貓的體內
and put it in a cat.
之後嘗試將一隻白狗的兩條前腿
And then, the front legs off a white dog
接到一隻黑狗身上
and put them on a black one.
卡雷爾成功地實施了
Carrel had successfully performed
許多例器官移植手術
更多內容請百度搜索：可小果