來,來,來,囤點脂肪過冬了~
該囤點脂肪過冬了
西餐、韓國料理、日本料理風靡中國,但是,作為博大精深的中國文化的一部分,小編也希望中國菜出現在世界的各個角落。
除了成語、古詩和中藥,就是中文的菜名最難翻譯,比如「紅燒獅子頭」(Stewed Pork Ball in Brown Sauce)、「回鍋肉」(Sautéed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili)、「糖醋排骨」(Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs)等等。
像中國詩詞,出色的翻譯也只能傳達給外國人基本含義,中國菜也不例外。我們總結了以下規則在翻譯中國菜名時可供參考:
以主料為主,配料或配汁為輔的翻譯原則:
1. 菜餚的主料和配料
主料(名稱/形狀)+with+配料
如:松仁香菇 Chinese Mushrooms with Pine Nuts
2.菜餚的主料和配汁
主料 with/ in+湯汁(Sauce)
如:冰梅涼瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce
以烹製方法為主,原料為輔的翻譯原則:
1.菜餚的做法和主料
做法(動詞過去分詞)+主料(名稱/ 形狀)
如:拌雙耳 Tossed Black and White Fungus
2.菜餚的做法、主料和配料
做法(動詞過去分詞)+主料(名稱/ 形狀)+配料
如:豌豆辣牛肉 Sautéed Spicy Beef and Green Peas
3.菜餚的做法、主料和湯汁
做法(名稱/ 形狀)+ 主料(名稱/ 形狀)+with/ in+湯汁
如:川北涼粉 Tossed Clear Noodles with Chili Sauce
以形狀、口感為主,原料為輔的翻譯原則:
1.菜餚形狀或口感以及主配料
形狀/ 口感 + 主料
如:玉兔饅頭 Rabbit-Shaped Mantou
脆皮雞 Crispy Chicken
2.菜餚的做法、形狀或口感、做法以及主配料
做法(動詞過去分詞)+ 形狀/ 口感 + 主料 + 配料
如:小炒黑山羊 Sautéed Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley
以人名、地名為主,原料為輔的翻譯原則:
1.菜餚的創始人(發源地)和主料
人名(地名)+ 主料
如:
麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)
廣東點心 Cantonese Dim Sum
2.介紹菜餚的創始人(發源地)、主配料及做法
做法(動詞過去分詞)+ 主輔料 + 人名/ 地名 + Style
如:四川辣子雞 Spicy Chicken, Sichuan Style
北京炸醬麵 Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style
體現中國餐飲文化,使用漢語拼音命名或音譯的翻譯原則:
1.具有中國特色且被外國人接受的傳統食品,本著推廣漢語及中國餐飲文化的原則,使用漢語拼音。
如:餃子 Jiaozi 包子 Baozi 饅頭 Mantou 花卷 Huajuan 燒麥 Shaomai
2.具有中國特色且已被國外主要英文字典收錄的,使用漢語方言拼寫或音譯拼寫的菜名,仍保留其原拼寫方式。
如:豆腐 Tofu 宮保雞丁 Kung Pao Chicken 餛飩 Wonton
3. 中文菜餚名稱無法體現其做法及主配料的,使用漢語拼音,並在後標註英文注釋。
如:
佛跳牆 Fotiaoqiang (Steamed Abalone with Shark's Fin and Fish Maw in Broth)
鍋貼 Guotie (Pan-Fried Dumplings)
窩頭 Wotou (Steamed Corn/Black Rice Bun)
蒸餃 Steamed Jiaozi (Steamed Dumplings)
油條 Youtiao (Deep-Fried Dough Sticks)
湯圓 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls)
粽子 Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves)
元宵 Yuanxiao (Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival)
驢打滾兒 Lǘdagunr (Glutinous Rice Rolls Stuffed with Red Bean Paste)
豆汁兒 Douzhir (Fermented Bean Drink)
艾窩窩 Aiwowo (Steamed Rice Cakes with Sweet Stuffing)
可數名詞單複數使用原則:
菜單中的可數名詞基本使用複數,但在整道菜中只有一件或太細碎無法數清的用單數。
如:
蔬菜面 Noodles with Vegetables
蔥爆羊肉 Sautéed Lamb Slices with Scallion
介詞in和with在湯汁、配料中的用法:
1.如主料是浸在湯汁或配料中時,使用in連接。
如:豉汁牛仔骨 Steamed Beef Ribs in Black Bean Sauce
2.如湯汁或蘸料和主料是分開的,或是後澆在主菜上的,則用with連接。
如:泡椒鴨絲 Shredded Duck with Pickled Peppers
酒類的譯法原則:
進口酒類的英文名稱仍使用其原文,國產酒類以其註冊的英文為準,如果酒類本身沒有英文名稱的,則使用其中文名稱的漢語拼音。
魯菜 Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
川菜 Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
粵菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
閩菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
蘇菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
浙菜 Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
徽菜 Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)
1.北京烤鴨 roast Beijing duck
2.辣子雞丁 saute diced chicken with hot peppers
3.宮爆雞丁 saute diced chicken with peanuts
4.紅燒鯉魚 braised common carp
5.茄汁蝦仁 saute fish slices with bamboo shoots
6.涮羊肉 instant boiled sliced mutton
7.糖醋裡脊 pork fillets with sweet&sour sauce
8.炒木須肉 saute shredded pork with eggs&black fungus
9.榨菜肉絲湯 pork with Sichuan cabbage soup
10.生炒肚片 saute fish maw slices
11.回鍋肉 saute pork in hot sauce
12.糖醋排骨 saute chops with sweet&sour sauce
13.家常豆腐 fride beancurd with sliced pork&pepper
14.醋溜白菜 saute cabbage&pepper in sweet&sour sauce
15.魚香茄子 saute eggplant with fish flavor
16 麻婆豆腐 stwed beancurd with minced pork in pepper sauce
17.韭菜炒蛋 saute leek sprouts&eggs
1肉/雞絲湯麵 noodles in soup with pork/chicken
2.擔擔麵 noodles with sesame paste&pea sprouts
3.龍鬚麵 saute fine noodles with shredded chicken
4.炒米線 saute rice noodles with green bean sprouts
5.雜醬面 soy beans in minced meat&noodles
6.酸辣湯麵 noodles in sour pungent soup
7.排骨麵 soup noodles with pork rib
8.陽春麵 noodles in superior soup
9.涼拌麵 cool braised noodles
10.肉包 steamed meat dumpling
11.豆沙包 bean paste dumpling
12.水晶包 stuffde bread with lard&sugar
13.叉燒包 stuffed bread with roast pork
14.水煎包 lightly fried Chinese bread
15.花卷 twist
16.小籠包 steamed small meat dumpling in basket
17.餛飩 ravioli;hun-tun
18.大餅 bannock
19.油條 twistde cruller
20.豆腐腦 beancurd jelly
21.茶葉蛋 egg boiled with salt&tea
22.八寶飯 steamed glutinous rice with eight treasures
23.蔥油餅 green onion pie
24.黃橋燒餅 crisp short cakes
25.月餅 moon cake
26.酒釀 sweet ferment rice
27.麻花 fried dough twist
28.元宵 rice glue ball
燒餅 Clay oven rolls
油條 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings
水餃 Boiled dumplings
蒸餃 Steamed dumplings
饅頭 Steamed buns
割包 Steamed sandwich
飯糰 Rice and vegetable roll
蛋餅 Egg cakes
皮蛋 100-year egg
鹹鴨蛋 Salted duck egg
豆漿 Soybean milk
稀飯 Rice porridge
白飯 Plain white rice
油飯 Glutinous oil rice
糯米飯 Glutinous rice
滷肉飯 Braised pork rice
蛋炒飯 Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee
餛飩麵 Wonton & noodles
刀削麵 Sliced noodles
麻辣麵 Spicy hot noodles
麻醬麵 Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉麵 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
烏龍麵 Seafood noodles
榨菜肉絲麵 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles
牡蠣細面 Oyster thin noodles
板條 Flat noodles
米粉 Rice noodles
炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
魚丸湯 Fish ball soup
貢丸湯 Meat ball soup
蛋花湯 Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊湯 Clams soup
牡蠣湯 Oyster soup
紫菜湯 Seaweed soup
酸辣湯 Sweet & sour soup
餛飩湯 Wonton soup
豬腸湯 Pork intestine soup
肉羹湯 Pork thick soup
魷魚湯 Squid soup
花枝羹 Squid thick soup
愛玉 Vegetarian gelatin
糖葫蘆 Tomatoes on sticks
長壽桃 Longevity Peaches
芝麻球 Glutinous rice sesame balls
麻花 Hemp flowers
雙胞胎 Horse hooves
牡蠣煎 Oyster omelet
臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)
油豆腐 Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd
蝦片 Prawn cracker
蝦球 Shrimp balls
春卷 Spring rolls
蛋卷 Chicken rolls
碗糕 Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding
紅豆糕 Red bean cake
綠豆糕 Bean paste cake
糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes
蘿蔔糕 Fried white radish patty
芋頭糕 Taro cake
肉圓 Taiwanese Meatballs
水晶餃 Pyramid dumplings
肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings
豆乾 Dried tofu
綿綿冰 Mein mein ice
麥角冰 Oatmeal ice
地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice
紅豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice
八寶冰 Eight treasures ice
豆花 Tofu pudding
甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice
酸梅汁 Plum juice
楊桃汁 Star fruit juice
青草茶 Herb juice
1. 脆皮炸子雞(半) Fried Chicken (Half)
2. 紅燒石岐項鴿 Roast Pigeon
3. 豉油皇乳鴿 Pigeon w/ Soy Sauce
4. 姜蔥油淋雞(半) Green Onion Chicken (Half)
5. 北京片皮鴨 Peking Duck
6. 酸甜明爐燒鴨(半) Roast Duck (Half)
7. 檸檬雞球 Lemon Chicken
8. 西芹腰果雞球 Vegetable Cashew Chicken
9. 咖喱雞 Curry Chicken
10. 豉汁炒雞球 Chicken w/ Black Bean Sauce
11. 四川炒雞球 Szechuan Chicken
12. 菜遠雞球 Chicken w/ Tender Green
13. 宮保雞球 Kung Pao Chicken
14. 豉汁黃毛雞(半) Chicken w/ Soy Sauce
15. 咕嚕雞 Sweet & Sour Chicken
16. 八珍髮菜扒鴨(半) Combination Duck (Half)
17. 子羅炒雞片 Ginger & Pineapple Chicken
18. 遊龍戲鳳 Chicken, Shrimp, Squid w/ Mixed Vegetable
19. 龍鳳琵琶豆腐 Egg, Chicken, Shrimp, Steam Tofu
1. 酸甜咕嚕肉 Sweet & Sour Pork
2. 菜遠炒排骨 Spareribs w/ Tender Green
3. 豉椒排骨 Spareribs w/ Black Bean Sauce
4. 涼瓜炆排骨 Bitty Melon Spareribs
5. 京都骨 Peking Spareribs
6. 椒鹽排骨 Pepper Salt Spareribs
7. 豉椒燜排骨 Spareribs w/ Black Bean, Pepper
8. 菜遠炒牛肉 Broccoli Beef
9. 涼瓜炒牛肉 Bitty Melon Beef
10. 黑椒牛仔骨 Black Pepper Short Rib
11. 椒鹽牛仔骨 Pepper Salt Short Rib
12. 中式牛柳 Chinese Style Beef
13. 四川牛肉 Szechuan Beef
14. 幹扁牛柳絲 String Beef
15. 檸檬牛肉 Lemon beef
16. 麻婆豆腐 Mar-Boh Tofu
1. 蠔油冬菇 Oyster Sauce Mushroom
2. 什笙上素 Bamboo Vegetable
3. 紅燒豆腐 Fried Tofu
4. 炒素丁 Vegetable Roll
5. 羅漢腐皮卷 Vegetable Egg Roll
6. 素咕嚕肉 Vegetarian Sweet and Sour
7. 蒸山水豆腐 Steam Tofu
8. 鮮菇扒菜膽 Mushroom Tender Green
9. 炒雜菜 Mixed Green Tender
10. 清炒芥蘭 Chinese Green Tender
11. 鹽水菜心 Salt Green Tender
12. 幹扁四季豆 String Bean Western Style
13. 上湯芥菜膽 Mustard Green Tender
1. 龍蝦幹燒伊面 Lobster Teriyaki Noodle
2. 上湯龍蝦撈麵 Lobster Noodle
3. 楊州炒飯 Yang Chow Fried Rice
4. 蝦仁炒飯 Shrimp Fried Rice
5. 鹹魚雞粒炒飯 Salted Egg Chicken Fried Rice
6. 蕃茄牛肉炒飯 Tomato w/ Beef Fried Rice
7. 廚師炒飯 House Fried Rice
8. 生菜絲炒牛肉飯 Beef Fried Rice w/ Lettuce
9. 招牌炒麵 House Chow Mein
10. 雞球炒/煎麵 Chicken Chow Mein
11. 蕃茄牛肉炒麵 Tomato Beef Chow Mein
12. 海鮮炒/煎麵 Seafood Chow Mein
13. 蝦子姜蔥撈麵 Ginger Green Onion Noodle
14. 幹燒伊面 Teriyaki Noodle
15. 雞絲上湯窩面 Chicken Noodle Soup
16. 菜遠炒牛河 Vegetable Beef Chow Fun
17. 豉椒排骨炒河 Sparerib w/ Black Bean Chow Fun
18. 星洲炒米粉 Singapore Noodle (Hot Spice)
19. 鴛鴦饅頭 Shanghai Buns
20. 上湯水餃 Dumpling Soup
21. 上湯雲吞 Won Ton soup
22. 絲苗白飯 Steam Rice
1. 雪蛤紅蓮 Bird Nest Red Bean Soup
2. 椰汁燉雪哈 Coconut Bird Nest
3. 玫瑰紅豆沙 Red Bean Soup
4. 椰汁西米露 Coconut Tapioca
5. 百年好合 Red Bean Fresh Lily Bulb
來源:英語世界微信公眾號
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