撰文:陳壽文
這是心靈自由和好報12月寫作群的第二十四篇作業。
胡因夢和學生們
今天讀到「第十六封信:毀滅之塔」,「第十五封信:惡魔」探討的主題是人造魔的衍生和左翼天使的本質,與惡魔的邪淫天性有關,而第十六封信則和靈魂的邪惡本質有關。
人的靈魂本來就存在著邪惡的種子,沒有它,外境時產生不了誘惑力的。誘惑力在靈魂裡面如果找不到可以發揮作用的場域,自然會變得疲弱無力。
記得2015年6月參加格羅夫全息呼吸工作坊濟南站,靈魂之眼看到有一世自己是精靈族的族長,那一世精靈族和人類共同生活在地球上,精靈族負責教導人類靈性智慧,幫助人類提升意識層次。結果人類聽信了惡魔族的蠱惑,認為精靈族不是在幫助他們,而是在奴役他們,組織了人類和惡魔的聯合軍團攻擊精靈族,還好精靈族還有一些沒受惡魔誘惑的人類盟友,掩護倖存的精靈族進入的深山老林。電影魔戒裡精靈族族長提到人類曾經背叛過精靈族,想來我看到的就是魔戒前傳吧。
野獸和山豬
關於人的邪惡本質,東方修行傳統的答案是:它源自於「原始無明」造成的自我感。由於瑪雅幻相的投射和扭曲作用,導致人類誤以為經驗性的我即是真我。這則印度的古老教誨是商羯羅(Shankara)於公元九世紀親自作出的結論。
佛教的龍樹(Nagarjuna)給予的答案則是:人因為無明而產生欲望,欲望又以「自我」(ego)這種虛幻的精神結構為重心,然而真正的「我」(Self)是無處可尋,無所不在的。
西方的修行傳統則提供了不同的答案。它主張人的邪惡本質並非來自原始無明,而是擅自追求知識釀成的原罪。原罪就是導致人變得邪惡的原因。原罪是一種不順服上主的行為,人的意志背離上主的旨意兒導致兩者的不和,起因是渴望追求神啟以外的的另一種智慧,想要透過具體的現實去認識神和神啟之外的其他知識。
因此,「人的邪惡本質究竟是什麼」這個問題有兩個答案:東方智慧傳統給出的答案是「無明」;西方智慧傳統給出的答案是「僭取知識」。
那麼兩者是否有衝突?答案是既可說有,也可以說沒有。兩者產生衝突,是因為無明和知識恰好相左。兩者沒有衝突,則是因為原始無明也是意志犯下的原罪,它導致意志渴望靠自己試驗以獲取知識,換來與上界啟示相等的智慧。看上去兩者顯然有所不同,但其實並不衝突。就人的意識和宇宙實相之間的不協調而言,東方傳統著重的是對事實的認知,西方傳統則著重於同一事實的道德意涵。
2016年12月20日,三亞機場
東方傳統認為人的邪惡是起於將身心幻我當成了永恆的真我。西方傳統則將問題歸咎於人「想要像上帝一樣能夠辨別善惡」而犯下原罪,導致他損傷了自己的神聖樣式,儘管其神聖形像(真我)依然維持原狀。人平時體驗到的受損樣式就是原罪造成的,因此問題不在錯把自我當成真我(神聖形像),而在於前者損傷了原本的神聖樣式,如果人的自我能夠保有原本的神聖樣式,不因為墮落而損傷它,那麼將自我視為真我是完全合理的。
兩種智慧傳統的差異就在於東方渴望解除「自我」和「真我」的婚約,西方則認為兩者的聖婚是不能解除的。依照西方傳統的看法,「真我」不可能也不該以否認「自我」為由,而企圖和自我斷絕關係。兩者其實被不可解的鏈環永遠連接在一起,所以應該合力完成重建「神聖樣式」的工作。西方修行傳統追求的不是自我的解脫,而是重新與真我合一帶來的自由。
2016年12月24日,周四,12:24完畢於北京野獸愛智慧居
紅
Thus, there are two answers to the question, "What is innate human evil?" The one—given by the left wing of traditional Wisdom—is "ignorance"; the o t h e r -given by the right wing of traditional Wisdom—is the sin of illicit knowledge.
A contradiction? Yes and no. The two answers are contradictory in so far as ignorance and knowledge are opposites. But they are in agreement in so far as innate ignorance is a consequence of the original sin of the will, which became infatuated with the desire to replace knowledge due to revelation by knowledge due to experimentation. There is certainly a difference, but there is in no way a contradiction.
The difference consists in that the oriental tradition puts the accent on the cognitive aspect of the fact of discord between human consciousness and cosmic reality, whilst the occidental tradition puts it on the moral aspect of this same fact.
The oriental tradition sees in innate human evil a kind of misunderstanding. or undervaluing, where consciousness mistakes the empirical personality—relating to the body and the psychic life—for the true Self which is immutable and eternal.
In contrast, the occidental tradition sees here the consequence of the sin of having wanted to be "like gods, knowing good and evil", i.e. the disfiguration of the "likeness of God", although the image—which corresponds to the "true Self of the orientals—has remained intact. And it is the "empirical self which bears rhe features of disfiguration due to original sin. Therefore it is not a question of the erroneous identification of the true Self (or "image of God") with the "empirical self, but rather of the disfiguration of this latter. The identification would be perfectly justifiable if the "empirical self" had remained in the "likeness of God", i.e. if it had not been disfigured as a consequence of the Fall.
In other words, the difference between the two traditions is that in the oriental tradition one aspires to divorce in the marriage of the "true Self and the "empirical self, whilst the occidental tradition regards this marriage as indissoluble.
The "true Self, according to the occidental tradition, cannot or should not rid itself of the "empirical self by repudiating it. The two are bound by indissoluble links for all eternity and should together accomplish the work of re-establishing the "likeness of God". It is not the freedom of divorce but rather that of reunion which is the ideal of the occidental tradition.
It is thus in the will that the original sin took place and brought about the Fall.Genesis describes this sin of the will as the desire to arrogate to oneself knowledge of good and evil, to become "like gods".
延伸閱讀
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