兩次世界大戰期間,許多國家的男性被迫走上戰場,大量的工作生產人力資源奇缺,這時,留在後方的婦女就得以走出家門進入生產的前線,維護了經濟的發展。戰後,女性被迫把勞動崗位「歸還」給從戰場回家的男性,由此產生了第二波的女性主義浪潮。
During WWII, men were forced to go to the front line, leaving empty spaces in the production line in their home country. To fill in the gap, women were asked to work instead of staying at home. This way, the industry was kept and resources were able to be delivered to the front line. After the war, these female workers were again asked to give the jobs back to the soldiers back home. This action angered them for they had already established life on their own. Thus, the second wave of feminism began.
此前的第一波浪潮促成了許多女性主義流派的產生,在這波浪潮中,便有了「百家爭鳴」的景象。此時比較著名的流派有:自由主義女性主義,激進女性主義,馬克思主義女性主義,精神分析女性主義,存在主義女性主義等等。
Thanks to the first wave of movement, during the second wave of the feminist movement, many new schools of feminism theory popped up, each holding their own idea and understandings: Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Marxism Feminism, Psychoanalysis Feminism, Existentialism Feminism, etc.
這些流派都有著自己關於女性、性與性別、社會體系等各方面的理解與學術研究,各個流派之間的爭鬥也是永不停歇。直到今天,我們仍然能夠聽到/看到不同流派之間的辯論, 而正是這些辯論促進了社會和女性主義的發展。
Though all belonged to the second wave of the feminism movement, these schools hold totally different views on gender and social systems, and arguments among them still persist today. We still get to hear the debate between each different school of thought regarding feminism over current situations in social media and academics. This is what advanced the development of feminism.
對於這些不同的流派,同學們紛紛表達了自己的看法。有人十分欣賞馬克思主義女性主義的發展觀念,並且覺得想要提高女性的社會地位,經濟發展是首要的;有人認同精神分析女性主義的論點,認為家庭在每個人的心理塑造上的地位是不可忽視的,甚至還基於精神分析女性主義的觀點,用自己生活中的例子進行解讀,讓大家更好地了解了到底什麼是精神分析女性主義。不過,討論到最後,大家意外地達成了共識:發展科技才是解決問題的關鍵。
We held a discussion regarding these schools of theory. Some prefer Marxism feminism and reasoned that in order to elevate the social status of women, economic development needed to be improved. Others agreed with the idea of psychoanalysis feminism, emphasizing that family plays the most important role in the development of children. To better understand psychoanalysis feminism, some even gave real-life examples to support. Near the end of the discussion, we reach a consensus that scientific development is a fundamental key to the problem.