警告:請在有WIFI的場所觀看視頻,土豪請隨意。
Osteoarthritis of the Knee
膝關節骨性關節炎
Overview(概述)
Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative arthritis, is a gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints. Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that protects the ends of bones in the joints. Osteoarthritis is common in the knees because the knees bear the weight of the body. Osteoarthritis of the knee can severely impact a person's lifestyle.
骨性關節炎,又稱退變性關節炎,是關節軟骨的逐漸磨損失用。關節軟骨是一層堅韌、有彈性的結締組織,對關節內的骨端起著保護作用。骨性關節炎在膝關節很常見,因為膝關節承受著人體的重量。膝關節骨性關節炎會嚴重影響患者的生活方式。
Causes and Risk Factors(病因和危險因素)
Osteoarthritis commonly develops as a result of the wear and tear of aging. It also frequently results from traumatic injury to the joint. Osteoarthritis of the knee is more common in older people, in women, and in people who have occupations that place increased stress on the knees. People who have certain diseases, bone deformities or a genetic predisposition are also at a higher risk. Obesity can also raise a person's risk for osteoarthritis of the knee, because extra body weight increases stress on the knee joints.
骨性關節炎通常隨著年齡增大關節磨損撕裂引起,同時也與關節創傷相關。膝關節骨性關節炎的常見人群包括老年人,女性,以及從事某些特定職業(增加膝關節載荷)的人群。患有其他某些特定疾病,骨畸形或有遺傳易感傾向的人群同樣也有高風險。肥胖由於額外的體重使膝關節負荷增加,也會增加患膝關節骨性關節炎的風險。
Progression(病理進程)
In a healthy knee, the ends of the bones are covered by a layer of cartilage. Healthy cartilage allows the bones to glide smoothly against each other. But in a knee with osteoarthritis, this cartilage begins to deteriorate and wear away. Repetitive motion or injury may speed this deterioration. Eventually, the bones may rub directly against each other.
在正常膝關節,骨端由一層軟骨包繞。正常的軟骨使骨頭能夠在關節內流暢地互相滑動。但在患骨性關節炎的膝關節中,軟骨退化磨損。重複的活動或受傷可以加速這一退化過程。最終,骨頭相互之間直接發生摩擦。
Bone Spur Formation(骨刺形成)
This rubbing can cause the gradual growth of bony bumps along the edge of the joint. These lumps, called bone spurs (or osteophytes), can cause joint pain.
上述的摩擦可以使骨隆起沿著關節邊緣逐漸生長。這些隆起,被稱作骨刺(又稱骨贅),可以導致關節疼痛。
Symptoms(症狀)
symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee may include pain, swelling, stiffness of the joint. The knee may become weak, and may lock and buckle when walking. A person with osteoarthritis may have truoble bending or straightening the knee. Standing or walking for long period may wosen the pain.
膝關節骨性關節炎的症狀包括關節的疼痛、腫脹、僵硬。膝關節會變得乏力,行走時可能交鎖或有彈響。 患者有骨性關節炎的病人屈伸膝關節可能有困難。 長時間站立或行走會加重疼痛。
Treatment(治療)
Treatment options depend on the severity of the osteoarthritis. In the early stages, the knee maybe treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and injections of medications that lubricate the joint. The physician maybe recommend physical therapy and knee brace, and weight loss to release the stress on the joint. If these methods are not helpful, and if the knee continue to deteriorate, surgery maybe needed to repair the joint.
治療方案取決於骨性關節炎的嚴重程度。在早期,可予非甾體類消炎止痛藥,注射類固醇激素或注射能夠潤滑關節的藥物。醫生可能會推薦物理治療或膝關節支具,控制體重減輕關節的壓力。如果這些方法沒有作用,或膝關節病變持續惡化,可能需要外科手術對關節進行修復。
(胡佰文 譯)
相關閱讀:
中英文字幕:脛骨結節骨骺炎(Osgood-Schlatter Disease)
中英文字幕:OrthoGlide® 膝關節內側植入物(OrthoGlide® Medial Knee Implant)
中英文字幕:自體骨軟骨移植(OATS Cartilage Repair Surgery)
中英文字幕:小切口全膝關節置換術(Mini Incision Total Knee Replacement)
中英文字幕:半月板撕裂(Meniscus Tear)
中英文字幕:關節鏡下半月板修補術(Meniscus Repair,Arthroscopic Technique)
中英文字幕:鑽孔微骨折術治療孤立的軟骨缺損(Microfracture Drilling Procedure)
中英文字幕:半月板移植(Meniscal Transplant)
中英文字幕:內側副韌帶損傷(Medial Collateral Ligament,MCL Injury)
中英文字幕:膝關節游離體取出術(Loose Body Removal (Knee))
中英文字幕:外側松解內側緊縮治療髕骨軌跡異常( Lateral Release and Medial Imbrication)
中英文字幕:外側副韌帶損傷(Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury)
中英文字幕:注射透明質酸治療膝關節痛(Hyalgan® Injection for Knee Pain)
中英文字幕:鵝足滑囊炎(Goosefoot (Pes Anserine) Bursitis of the Knee)
中英文字幕:膝關節支神經阻滯(Genicular Nerve Block)
中英文字幕:脛骨高位截骨術(High Tibial Osteotomy)
中英文字幕:脛骨痛(脛骨內側緊張症候群)Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome)
中英文字幕:膕繩肌損傷(Hamstring Muscle Injuries)
中英文字幕:膝關節支神經射頻消融術(Genicular Nerve Ablation,RF Neurotomy)
中英文字幕:脛骨棘骨折(Fractures of the Tibial Spine)
中英文字幕:脛骨骨折(Tibial Fractures)
中英文字幕:透視引導下類固醇注射治療膝關節疼痛(Steroid Injection for Knee Pain)
中英文字幕:深靜脈血栓(Deep Vein Thrombosis ,DVT)
中英文字幕:複雜的區域疼痛症候群(Complex Regional Pain Syndrome)
中英文字幕:軟骨修復(Cartilage Repair)
中英文字幕:關節軟骨修復,關節鏡輔助技術性(Arthroscopical Cartilage Repair)
中英文字幕:關節軟骨修復,切開技術(Cartilage Repair, Open Incision Technique)
中英文字幕:關節鏡下踝關節軟骨修復Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Repair (Ankle)
中英文字幕:鵝足滑囊炎(Bursitis of the Knee,Pes Anserine Bursitis)
中英文字幕:膕窩囊腫(Baker's Cyst)
中英文字幕:膝關節缺血性骨壞死(Avascular Necrosis (Osteonecrosis) of the Knee)
中英文字幕:自體軟骨細胞移植(Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation)
中英文字幕:髕前滑囊抽吸術(Aspiration of the Prepatellar Bursa)
中英文字幕:HemiCAP膝關節表面置換術(Arthrosurface® HemiCAP® Resurfacing)
中英文字幕:關節鏡概述(Arthroscopy,Overview)
中英文字幕:關節鏡下軟骨成形術(Arthroscopic Chondroplasty)
中英文字幕:前交叉韌帶撕裂(Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear)
中英文字幕:女性前交叉韌帶損傷(Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Women)
中英文字幕:膝關節解剖(Anatomy of the Knee)
中英文字幕:使用膕繩肌腱重建ACL(ARTHROTEK® and EZLoc™ Devices)
中英文字幕:前交叉韌帶重建(ACL Reconstruction with Arthrex® TightRope®)
中英文字幕:前交叉韌帶重建(ACL Reconstruction with Arthrex RetroScrew)
中英文字幕:使用膕繩肌腱重建前十字韌帶(ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring)
精彩視頻魅力無限,收藏轉發一起分享
尋醫問藥去好大夫網,請長按下圖二維碼