本文選自《經濟學人》9月12日刊文章。9月7日，槍聲在中印邊界線上響起，這是兩國45年來首次交火。6月兩國軍隊在邊境線上的肉搏已經導致至少20名印度士兵死亡，而這次的槍聲讓兩國所剩無幾的信任蕩然無存。在過去的幾十年裡，中印在邊境問題上達成了各種協議，比如禁止使用槍枝、重型武器應該被控制在最低限度等，這次的開火意味著，之前的協議正在瓦解。印度開始在其它方面報復中國，例如封殺中國的應用軟體，甚至挑戰中國在南海的主權。在高原，一點小傷都可能致命，喜馬拉雅山上的這個冬天註定不太平。
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India and China exchange the first gunshots in 45 yearsThe Asian giants are locked in a dangerous standoff over their disputed Himalayan border這兩個亞洲巨人在有爭議的喜馬拉雅邊界問題上陷入了危險的對峙be locked in a standoff over sth: 在某事上陷入僵局、對峙On August 30th India appears to have taken the initiative, sending its Special Frontier Force, a secretive military unit manned by Tibetans, on a six-hour trek to capture peaks in the Chushul sector, to the south of Pangong lake, supposedly to pre-empt a Chinese move. That gave its forces a commanding view of PLA positions and important passes below, as well as a potential bargaining chip in future talks (Indian officials contend that, since April or so, China has occupied 1,000 square kilometres of territory on what India believes to be its side of the LAC).8月30日，印度似乎採取了主動行動，派出了特種邊防部隊，該部隊是由藏族人組成的秘密軍隊，徒步六小時到達楚舒爾地區的山峰，該山峰位於班貢湖南部，據說是為了先發制人，阻止中國的進攻。這讓印度軍隊可以俯瞰中國人民解放軍的陣地和他們在下面的重要動向，這也是未來可能的談判中討價還價的籌碼(印度官員聲稱，4月以來，中國已佔據印度認為在實控線內印度一方的1000平方公裡的領土)。The pair also appear to be locking horns well beyond Ladakh. On September 2nd India banned 118 Chinese apps, including a hugely popular video game, China’s leading search engine and its most widely used digital-payments system. It had already banned 59 others, including TikTok and WeChat, after the June clashes. A day later India’s most senior soldier, General Bipin Rawat, said that he wanted the bloc known as the Quad (comprising America, Australia, India and Japan) to 「ensure freedom of navigation operations」 in Asia, referring to naval shows of force in Chinese-claimed waters in the South China Sea. Though America routinely conducts such operations, India has trodden more cautiously. Expanding its naval presence in disputed waters in the Pacific would mark a big widening of its confrontation with China.這兩個國家的不和似乎也遠遠超出了拉達克。9月2日，印度禁止了118個中國應用程式，包括一款非常受歡迎的視頻遊戲、中國領先的搜尋引擎和最廣泛使用的數字支付系統。在6月的衝突之後，它已經禁止了包括TikTok和微信在內的59家其他應用軟體。一天後，印度最高級軍官畢平·拉瓦特將軍說，他希望被稱為「四國聯盟」(由美國、澳大利亞、印度和日本組成)的聯盟在亞洲能「保證航海演習的自由」，他指的是在中國宣稱擁有主權的南中國海水域進行的海軍力量展示。儘管美國經常進行這樣的行動，印度卻更加謹慎。擴大其在太平洋爭議水域的海軍駐防，標誌著其與中國對抗範圍的大幅擴大。The scramble for territory in the mountains is particularly dangerous because old rules seem to be crumbling. Over decades, India and China had agreed on various protocols at the border: firearms were forbidden, patrols that bumped into one another should not follow one another and heavy weapons should be kept to a minimum. The deadly clash at Galwan in June dealt a heavy blow to these understandings; the use of guns, if only in warning, at Mukhpari on September 7th struck another. 「All past agreements have broken down,」 says General D.S. Hooda, a former head of the Indian army’s Northern Command. S. Jaishankar, India’s foreign minister, acknowledges that the situation is 「very serious」.deal a heavy blow to: 給…以沉重打擊understanding: 這裡是指「協議」的意思對高原山區領土的爭奪尤其危險，因為舊的規則似乎正在瓦解。在過去的幾十年裡，印度和中國在邊境問題上達成了各種協議：禁止使用槍枝，巡邏人員偶然碰上對方巡邏人員，不能跟隨，重型武器應該被控制在最低限度。6月在加爾萬發生的致命衝突沉重打擊了這些協議，9月7日在穆赫帕裡使用槍枝，雖然只是作為警告，也是（對這些協議的）另一個打擊。「過去所有的協議都已經瓦解了，」前印度軍隊北方司令部司令D.S.胡達將軍說。印度外交部長S. Jaishankar承認，局勢「非常嚴重」。掃描文末二維碼加我微信（ID: madandan2020），將分享截圖發我即可。1. 每天一篇精選最新外刊文章的英文原文（主要選自《經濟學人》雜誌）
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