2016年5月30日訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --最近美國麻省總醫院的一項研究表明在HIV感染得到明確診斷,並且從未接受過治療的一小部分病人中,進行抗逆轉錄病毒治療(ART)不足以阻止動脈炎症的進展,動脈炎症可能促進HIV感染病人發生心血管疾病的風險。
文章作者Markella Zanni這樣說道:"我們在之前的研究中已經發現持續的動脈炎症可能促進愛滋病病人形成冠狀動脈斑塊,並可能進一步出現動脈破裂以及發生心臟病。而這項研究則提示我們為了進一步降低接受ART治療病人的動脈炎症,還需要使用其他治療方法。"
這項研究共包含了12名發生HIV感染的男性,他們在診斷之後11個月(平均時間)開始ART治療,還使用了四種抗病毒藥物的聯合治療。對照組包含了12名未受到感染並且年齡匹配的參與者,進行免疫系統和炎症因子的對比。所有參與者從未有過冠狀動脈疾病,自身免疫疾病以及炎症性疾病史,也不存在顯著的心血管風險因子。
在研究開始以及研究進行到六個月分別對參與者進行了PET掃描,利用一種叫做FDG的放射性藥物發現炎症性位點,HIV感染者的主動脈,心臟,腋下淋巴結,脾臟以及骨髓都得到了圖像顯示。這些病人還進行了CT血管造影用以尋找冠狀動脈斑塊,通過血液檢測分析脂質和免疫系統因子,以及HIV病毒載量。
雖然ART治療方法能夠抑制病人體內的病毒載量並增加CD4 T細胞數目,但是80%的病人在六個月的時間內出現主動脈炎症增加的情況。雖然淋巴結部位的炎症顯著下降,脾臟出現輕微下降,但是動脈炎症明顯增加,類似早期研究中已經接受過ART治療的病人水平。在研究開始的時候,有大約25%的HIV感染病人存在一定程度的冠狀動脈斑塊,而六個月後斑塊全部增大,同時在研究期間又有一名病人出現了新的斑塊。
研究人員表示,還需要進一步研究深入理解在HIV感染過程中持續免疫激活,動脈炎症以及斑塊形成之間的關係,除此之外在ART治療過程中加入免疫調節策略是否能夠幫助抑制動脈炎症,穩定冠狀動脈斑塊並降低HIV感染病人發生心血管疾病的風險還需要進一步研究。
相關研究結果發表在國際學術期刊JAMA Cardiology上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Immune Function and Arterial Inflammation in Treatment-Naive Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Markella V. Zanni, MD1; Mabel Toribio, MD1; Gregory K. Robbins, MD2; Tricia H. Burdo, PhD3; Michael T. Lu, MD4; Amorina E. Ishai, MD4; Meghan N. Feldpausch, NP1; Amanda Martin, AB1; Kathy Melbourne, PharmD5; Virginia A. Triant, MD, MPH2,6; Sujit Suchindran, MD2; Hang Lee, PhD7; Udo Hoffmann, MD, MPH4; Kenneth C. Williams, PhD3; Ahmed Tawakol, MD4; Steven K. Grinspoon, MD
Results For the 12 participants with HIV infection (mean (SD) age, 35 [11] years), combined ART suppressed viral load (mean [SD] log viral load, from 4.3 [0.6] to 1.3 [0] copies/mL; P?<?.001), increased the CD4+ T-cell count (median [IQR], from 461 [332-663] to 687 [533-882] cells/mm3; P?<?.001), and markedly reduced percentages of circulating activated CD4+ T cells (human leukocyte antigen-D related [HLA-DR]+CD38+CD4+) (from 3.7 [1.8-5.0] to 1.3 [0.3-2.0]; P?=?.008) and CD8+ T cells (HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+) (from 18.3 [8.1-27.0] to 4.0 [1.5-7.8]; P?=?.008), increased the percentage of circulating classical CD14+CD16? monocytes (from 85.8 [83.7-90.8] to 91.8 [87.5-93.2]; P?=?.04), and reduced levels of CXCL10 (mean [SD] log CXCL10, from 2.4 [0.4] to 2.2 [0.4] pg/mL; P?=?.03). With combined ART, uptake of [18F]-FDG in the axillary lymph nodes, as measured by TBR, decreased from a median (IQR) of 3.7 (1.3-7.0) at baseline to 1.4 (0.9-1.9; P?=?.01) at study end. In contrast, no significant decrease was seen in aortic TBR in response to combined ART (mean [SD], 1.9 [0.2]; median [IQR], 2.0 [1.8-2.1] at baseline to 2.2?[0.4]; 2.1 [1.9-2.6], respectively, at study end; P?=?.04 by 2-way test, P?=?.98 for test of decrease by 1-way test). Changes in aortic TBR during combined ART were significantly associated with changes in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (n?=?10; r?=?0.67; P?=?.03). Coronary plaque increased among 3 participants with HIV infection with baseline plaque and developed de novo in 1 participant during combined ART.
Conclusions and Relevance Newly initiated combined ART in treatment-naive individuals with HIV infection had discordant effects to restore immune function without reducing arterial inflammation. Complementary strategies to reduce arterial inflammation among ART-treated HIV-infected individuals may be needed.