今天結束了2018年亞太地區首場SAT考試，也是第一次在亞太地區開展3月份考試，試題難度一度讓很多考生擔心，眾多培訓機構老師也是分析各種數據，來預測本次考試難度，總得來說不管是學生還是老師，都是各種忐忑。真正等考生走出考場，大家才發現這個擔心是多餘，因為本次考試試題難度中等，甚至對於牛娃來說，還有點偏易。
整體考情回顧：
閱讀本次篇章難度水平趨於正常，順序類似於2017年8月北美出題，循證題詞彙題圖表題依舊主導學生作答水平。語法難度居中，考點符合常規，後兩篇語義題居多，語篇題難度較上次12月亞洲較為容易。數學考試難度偏低，相較12月考試更強調對函數的透徹理解以及用數學知識解決實際問題的能力。作文難度居中偏簡單。
一起來看下各單項回顧。
閱讀部分
閱讀部分難度相比2017年5月考試更簡單，各類文章的理解上沒有太大的障礙，但相對而言，由於邏輯和背景知識的影響，自然科學的兩篇文章難度稍高。題型方面，在新SAT考試進行到第三個年頭的時候，整體出題形式已經比較穩定，此次考試也沒有出現意料之外的新題型。
第一篇
文章原文：
THIRTY-TWO HOURS AFTER Hattie and her mother and sisters creptthrough the Georgia woods to thetrain station, thirty-two hours on hard seatsin the commotion of the Negro car, Hattie wasstartled from a light sleep by thetrain conductor’s bellow, 「Broad StreetStation,Philadelphia!」 Hattie clambered from the train,her skirt still hemmed with Georgia mud, thedream of Philadelphia round as amarble in her mouth and the fear of it a needle in her chest.Hattie and Mama,Pearl and Marion climbed the steps from the train platform up into the mainhallof the station. It was dim despite the midday sun. The domed roof arched.Pigeons cooed inthe rafters. Hattie was only fourteen then, slim as a finger.She stood with her mother andsisters at the crowd’sedge, the four of them waiting for a break in the flow of people sothey toomight move toward the double doors at the far end of the station. Hattiestepped intothe multitude. Mama called, 「Come back! You』ll be lost in all those people. You』ll belost!」 Hattie looked back in panic; she thought her mother was rightbehind her. The crowd wastoo thick for her to turn back, and she was bornealong on the current of people. She gainedthe double doors and was pushed outonto a long sidewalk that ran the length of the station.
The main thoroughfare was congested with more people than Hattiehad ever seen in one place.The sun was high. Automobile exhaust hung in the airalongside the tar smell of asphaltsoftening in the heat and the sickening odorof garbage rotting. Wheels rumbled on the pavingstones, engines revved,paperboys called the headlines. Across the street a man in dirtyclothes stoodon the corner wailing a song, his hands at his sides, palms upturned.Hattieresisted the urge to cover her ears to block the rushing city sounds. Shesmelled the absenceof trees before she saw it. Things were bigger inPhiladelphia—that was true—and therewasmore of everything, too much of everything. But Hattie did not see apromised land in thistumult. It was, she thought, only Atlanta on a largerscale. She could manage it. But even asshe declared herself adequate to thecity, her knees knocked under her skirt and sweat rolleddown her back. Ahundred people had passed her in the few moments she』dbeen standing outside,but none of them were her mother and sisters. Hattie’s eyes hurt with the effort of scanningthe faces of the passersby.
A cart at the end of the sidewalk caught her eye. Hattie had neverseen a flower vendor’scart. A white man sat on a stool with hisshirtsleeves rolled and his hat tipped forwardagainst the sun. Hattie set hersatchel on the sidewalk and wiped her sweaty palms on herskirt. A Negro womanapproached the cart. She indicated a bunch of flowers. The white manstood—he did not hesitate, his body didn’t contortinto a posture of menace—and took theflowers from abucket. Before wrapping them in paper, he shook the water gently from thestems.The Negro woman handed him the money. Had their hands brushed?
As the woman with the flowers took her change and moved to put itin her purse, she upset threeof the flower arrangements. Vases and blossomstumbled from the cart and crashed on to thepavement. Hattie stiffened, waitingfor the inevitable explosion. She waited for the otherNegroes to step back andaway from the object of the violence that was surely coming. Shewaited for themoment in which she would have to shield her eyes from the woman andwhateverhorror would ensue. The vendor stooped to pick up the mess. The Negrowoman gestured
apologetically and reached into her purse again, presumably to payfor what she』d damaged. Ina couple of minutes it was allsettled, and the woman walked on down the street with her nosein the paper coneof flowers, as if nothing had happened.
Hattie looked more closely at the crowd on the sidewalk. TheNegroes did not step into thegutters to let the whites pass and they did notstare doggedly at their own feet. Four Negrogirls walked by, teenagers likeHattie, chatting to one another. Just girls in conversation,giggling and easy,the way only white girls walked and talked in the city streets ofGeorgia.Hattie leaned forward to watch them progress down the block. At last,her mother and sistersexited the station and came to stand next to her. 「Mama,」 Hattie said. 「I』llnever go back.Never.」
文章概述：
作者Ayana Mathis，原文出自於The Twelve Tribes of Hattie. This passage is set in 1923。
文章主要內容：主人公Hattie到達費城火車站的所見所聞以及對該城市看法的轉變；
第一段：Hattie和她的Mother及Sisters坐了三十二小時的火車到達費城，費城火車站人山人海，Hattie被擠出車站，Sisters和Mother並沒有跟上來；
第二段：Hattie在火車站外看到費城街上景象，感慨自己可以在這座城市待下來，但內心仍然緊張不安；Hattie在人群中找Mother和Sisters，但是沒有找到；
第三段：Hattie看到一個黑人婦女向一個白人花商買花；
第四段：黑人婦女不小心把花瓶打碎了，花摔在地上，Hattie認為一場衝突在即，街上的黑人應該都不會捲入這場衝突，但黑人婦女重新給了錢，買了花，這場衝突和平解決；
第五段：Hattie看著街上黑人們的一舉一動，內心改變了對這座城市的看法，決心留在這裡；
題目：
1、主旨題Which choicecan best summarize the passage?
2、目的題，考查文章第一段詞組「roundas a marble in her mouth」和」a needle in her chest」的效果和目的；
3、細節題，Hattie在車站和Mother及Sisters分開，對她造成了什麼影響；
4、詞彙題，原文詞彙是gained，選項詞彙有reached, increased；
5、Hattie第一次來到費城，她對費城的生活的態度是什麼樣的；
6、上一題詢證；
7、黑人婦女和白人花商之間的衝突在即，Hattie認為many black people對此會是什麼反應；
8、上一題詢證；
9、目的題，文章最後一段話第一句Hattielooks more closely at the crowds on the street的作用；
10、文章最後一段，文章將費城街上的四個談笑的black girls和喬治亞街上的white girls做了怎樣的對比。
第二篇
雙篇第一篇文章原文：
It is true, then, that there was too muchfoundation for the representations of those satirists and dramatists who heldup the character of the English Nabob to the derision and hatred of a formergeneration. It is true that some disgraceful intrigues, some unjust and cruelwars, some instances of odious perfidy and avarice, stain the annals of ourEastern Empire. It is true that the duties of government and legislation werelong wholly neglected or carelessly performed. It is true that when theconquerors at length began to apply themselves in earnest to the discharge oftheir high functions, they committed the errors natural to rulers who were butimperfectly acquainted with the language and manners of their subjects. It istrue that some plans, which were dictated by the purest and most benevolentfeelings, have not been attended by the desired success. It is true that Indiasuffers to this day from a heavy burden of taxation and from a defective systemof law. It is true, I fear, that in those states which are connected with us bysubsidiary alliance, all the evils of oriental despotism have too frequentlyshown themselves in their most loathsome and destructive form.
[But nowadays its affairs are much improved, and still improving]
[7a] All this is true. Yet in the historyand in the present state of our Indian Empire I see ample reason for exultationand for a good hope.
[7b] I see that we have established orderwhere we found confusion. I see that the petty dynasties which were generatedby the corruption of the great Mahometan Empire, and which, a century ago, keptall India in constant agitation, have been quelled by one overwhelming power. Isee that the predatory tribes, which, in the middle of the last century, passedannually over the harvests of India with the destructive rapidity of ahurricane, have quailed before the valour of a braver and sterner race, havebeen vanquished, scattered, hunted to their strongholds, and either extirpatedby the English sword, or compelled to exchange the pursuits of rapine for thoseof industry.
[7c] I look back for many years; and I seescarcely a trace of the vices which blemished the splendid fame of the firstconquerors of Bengal. I see peace studiously preserved. I see faith inviolablymaintained towards feeble and dependent states. I see confidence graduallyinfused into the minds of suspicious neighbours. I see the horrors of warmitigated by the chivalrous and Christian spirit of Europe. I see examples ofmoderation and clemency, such as I should seek in vain in the annals of anyother victorious and dominant nation. I see captive tyrants, whose treacheryand cruelty might have excused a severe retribution, living in security,comfort, and dignity, under the protection of the government which theylaboured to destroy.
[7d] I see a large body of civil andmilitary functionaries resembling in nothing but capacity and valour thoseadventurers who, seventy years ago, came hither, laden with wealth and infamy,to parade before our fathers the plundered treasures of Bengal and Tanjore. Ireflect with pride that to the doubtful splendour which surrounds the memory ofHastings and of Clive, we can oppose the spotless glory of Elphinstone andMunro. I contemplate with reverence and delight the honourable poverty which isthe evidence of rectitude firmly maintained amidst strong temptations. Irejoice to see my countrymen, after ruling millions of subjects, aftercommanding victorious armies, after dictating terms of peace at the gates ofhostile capitals, after administering the revenues of great provinces, afterjudging the causes of wealthy Zemindars, after residing at the courts oftributary Kings, return to their native land with no more than a decentcompetence.
文章概述：
雙篇文章，文章大意：
p1
主要採取先抑後揚的手段：
第一段講印度的政府職責缺失，之前外來的統治不適合印度的風土人情，印度人民被課以重稅。
第二段畫風一轉，說其實印度未來還是有希望；
第三段繼續講之前印度人民被侵略被統治，但是英國幫助其逃脫；
第四段講現在的政府雖然有犯一些錯，但是還是為人民著想；
p2
第一段文章直接說 British ruined our country，認為英國只是利用來華麗的外衣來包裝其私慾，採用愚民手段來麻痺印度人民。作者呼籲：應該認清事實，權利應該掌握在自己的手上。
題目：
1、問的是p1文章的main focus 是如何轉移的。需要通讀全文才能解題，但是題目難度不大：只要抓住段落大意和文章的邏輯詞，就能解題：文章先抑後揚，先說印度政治狀況混亂，後提到政府其實取得了較好成果；
2、問原文何處支撐了「British unified India」 難度不大，只要將四個選項帶入。就會發現原文有一句：（i see…dependent states）；
3、詞彙題：attend 和哪個詞意思接近：frequented ／ maintain／replaced／accompanied；
4、詞彙題：charge 和哪個詞意思接近：care／invasion／accusation／expense／；
5、問第二篇的段落大意：文章主旨體現非常清晰鮮明：the British ruined our country；
6、問印度人民對英國統治最初的態度：原文第二篇第3-5句話直接提現：supried ，即一開始認為英國是for their good，為他們著想；
7、問英國是用何種方式來鞏固它們在印度的統治？答案在文章第二段：通過愚民手段：fooled ignorance，blindness；
8、詞彙題：business 和以下哪個詞意思接近：objectives／likehood／movement；
9、問p2作者會如何看待p1作者所說的英國幫助實現印度國內的穩定性：p2作者立場鮮明，反對p1作者，認為只有權利在本國人手中才能實現穩定；
10、問p2作者如何看p1作者所說的「some plan」 難度不大：作者立場很容易看出，reject 作者在第二段認為英國是利用華麗的外衣來實現一國私慾；
11、上題循證題。
第三篇
文章原文：
In the spring of 1879, Hermann Lau shot two white-winged choughs,Corcorax melanorhamphos, off their nest in Queensland, Australia. He watched asadditional choughs continued to attend the nest, proving that a cooperativegroup shared parental care ( 1). Since then, cooperatively breeding birds havehad a starring role in efforts to explain the evolution of complex animalsocieties. We now know that 「helpersat-the-nest」 who forgo reproduction areoften relatives of the breeding pair. Genetic payoff is, thus, one of severaladvantages that helpers can gain from their superfi cially altruistic behavior (2). On page 1506 of this issue, Feeney et al. ( 3) show that collective defenseagainst brood parasites (see the fi gure) can enhance such benefi ts ofcooperation. Why do some bird species cooperate and others do not? Globalanalyses have shown that cooperative breeding (now known from 9% of species) isassociated with a slow pace of life (characterized by high survival rates andlow turnover of breeding territories) ( 4), monogamy (which facilitates kinselection within families) ( 5), and unpredictable environments (such as aridzones) that might favor cooperation as a bet-hedging strategy ( 6). But thesefactors often fail to predict the incidence of cooperation among relatedspecies or within geographical regions ( 7). Feeney et al.’s study is built onthe premise that brood parasitism—reproductive cheating by species such ascuckoos and cowbirds, which exploit other birds to raise their young—is asevere selection pressure on their hosts』 breeding strategies. Parasitizedparents typically not only lose their current offspring but also waste a wholebreeding season raising a demanding impostor. The best way to avoid parasitismis to repel adult parasites from the nest. Feeney et al. show that socialitycan be pivotal to this process. The authors begin by unfolding a new map. Usingdata compiled by BirdLife International, they show that the global distributionof cooperatively breeding birds overlaps strikingly with that of broodparasites. This overlap need not refl ect a causal relationship:
The same unpredictable environments thatfavor cooperation could also favor alternative breeding strategies such asparasitism. However, the authors go on to show that even within geographicalregions rich in both parasites and cooperators—Australia and southern Africa—cooperativebreeders are much more likely than noncooperative species to be targeted bybrood parasites. To determine the reasons for this correlation, Feeney et al.studied cooperative breeding in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) inAustralia. Horsfield’s bronze-cuckoos (Chalcites basalis) should benefi t fromtargeting larger groups of fairy-wrens because more helpers mean faster chickgrowth. Yet, data from a 6-year field study show that in practice, cuckoosrarely experience this advantage, because larger groups of fairywrens much moreeffectively detect and repel egg-laying intrusions by cuckoo females,mobilizing group defenses with a cuckoospecifi c alarm call. Thus, cooperationand parasitism could reciprocally infl uence one another: Cooperators might bemore attractive targets because they make better foster parents, but once
exploited by parasites, they are alsobetter able to fi ght back, helping cooperation to persist ( 8). Feeney et al. find that superior anticuckoo defenses in larger groups account for 0.2 moreyoung fl edged per season on average than smaller groups—a substantial boostgiven the fairy-wrens』 low annual fecundity. These results show convincinglythat defense against brood parasites augments the benefi ts of helping, promotingthe persistence of cooperation. But as the authors note, they cannot revealwhat caused cooperation to evolve initially. Brood parasitism alone cannotresolve the question of why some birds breed cooperatively. For example,cooperative kingfi shers and bee-eaters are heavily parasitized in Africa butnot in Australasia, showing that other advantages of helping behavior are sufficient for cooperation to persist. But we should take parasitism seriously as animportant force in a cooperative life. Indeed, it may provide a mechanismcontributing to the previously discovered global correlates of cooperation (4–6). Some insight into the likely order of evolution might come from furthercomparative predictions. For instance, if cooperation arose fi rst as a defenseagainst parasitism, cooperators may be most prevalent among hosts that relyheavily on repelling adult parasites, rather than on antiparasite strategies atlater reproductive stages, such as egg or chick discrimination ( 9). Incontrast, if parasites target existing cooperators because they providesuperior care, this should be especially true of parasites whose chicks havethe most pressing needs—for instance, those in parasitic families with largebody size relative to their hosts or those whose chicks do not kill host youngand therefore must share their foster parents』 care. Could there be a similarassociation between cooperation and parasitism among other highly socialanimals? Cooperation in mammals clearly persists irrespective of parasitism, giventhat there are no known brood-parasitic mammals (perhaps because it would bediffi cult for a mammal to insert live young into another’s care). Butrepelling parasitic egg-laying intrusions is crucial to many hosts of sociallyparasitic insects and has shaped sophisticated adaptations and counterdefensesfor and against brute force and secrecy ( 10). It will be fascinating toexplore how selection for antiparasitic defense has interacted with monogamyand defensible resources as forces favoring kin-selected cooperation ininvertebrates, touching on an active debate in evolutionary biology. Answers tosuch comparative questions will ultimately be limited by our knowledge ofnatural history. The work by Feeney et al. is testament to the evolutionaryinsights enabled by careful long-term fi eld studies, together with thecumulative legacy of those naturalists who made the unglamorous effort torecord and publish observations of real animals in real places.
文章概述：
作者：Claire N. Spottiswoode
題目：How Cooperation Defeats Cheats
本篇文章的主旨是紅嘴山鴉之間的合作對於它們遭到寄生蟲入侵的影響。文章中談到，紅嘴山鴉之間的合作和寄生蟲的入侵是相互作用的。合作容易讓它們變成寄生蟲的目標，與此同時，它們之間的合作也讓它們更容易對抗寄生蟲。在文中，作者也闡明了群體大小對於感染寄生蟲機率的影響。越小的群體，感染機率越大，越大的群體，感染機率越小。在文章的最後一段，作者表明研究的結果雖然能夠說明合作對於寄生物入侵的影響，但是暫時還不能揭開紅嘴山鴉最初是如何進化出合作的特性的。
題目：
1、主旨題，問作者這篇研究的目的是什麼；
2、作者文章中收集的data有什麼樣的作用？
3、詞彙題：reflect在文中的意思；
4、詞彙題：favor在文中的意思；
5、獨立取證題：問那句話是文中作者提到的，群體數量對寄生物影響的證據；
6、細節題：紅嘴山鴉在繁殖中的特點；
7、目的題：最後一段的作用；
8、圖表題，問從第一個圖表能得出什麼關於群體大小和寄生的關係；
9、圖表題，問從圖表中能得出什麼樣的比對信息；
10、圖表題，問從第二個圖表中能得出什麼。
第四篇
文章原文：
IF YOU wantsomething done, the saying goes, give it to a busy person. It is an odd way toguarantee hitting deadlines. But a paper recentlypublished in the Journal of Consumer Research suggestsit may, in fact, be true—as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadlinein the right way.
Yanping Tu ofthe University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto examinedhow individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks. Previousstudies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases:pre-decision, post-decision (but pre-action), action and review. It is thoughtthat what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to thedoing-something stage is a change in mindset.
Human beings area deliberative sort, weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remainingopen to other ideas and influences. However, once a decision is taken, the mindbecomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand. 「Themindset towards 『where can I get a sandwich』,」 explains Ms Tu, 「is moreimplemental than the mindset towards 『should I get a sandwich or not?』"
Ms Tu and DrSoman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done isto get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocksthe implemental mode lies in how people categorise time. They suggest thattasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadlineis cognitively linked to "now"—a so-called like-the-presentscenario. That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year,or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind's timeline (being givena task at Christmas, say, with a deadline of Easter). Conversely, they suggest,a deadline placed outside such mental constructs (being"unlike-the-present") exists merely as a circle on a calendar, and assuch is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until thelast minute.
To flesh outthis idea, the pair carried out five sets of tests, with volunteers rangingfrom farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto. In one test,the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and makea deposit within six months. The researchers predicted those approached in Junewould consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present. Thoseapproached in July, by contrast, received a deadline into the next year, andwere expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present. The distinctionworked. Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times morelikely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay inthe following year. Arbitrary though calendars may be in dividing uptime's continuous flow, they influence the way humans think about time.
The effect canmanifest itself in even subtler ways. In another set of experiments,undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked tosuggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the followingSunday. The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdayscoloured purple, with weekends in beige (making a visual distinction between aWednesday and the following Sunday). Others were given a calendar in whichevery other week, Monday to Sunday, was a solid colour (meaning that aWednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week, and in the samecolour). Even this minor visual cue affected how like- or unlike-the-presentthe respondents tended to view task priorities.
These and otherbits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: thatmaking people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response,regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies. If the journeyof 1,000 miles starts with a single step, the authors might suggest that youtake that step before this time next week.
文章概述：
文章討論了人們對於工作截止日期的思維意識，先給出了人們做事情的四個階段，而通常人們開始工作並意識到截止日期必須是要將任務與現在聯繫起來的時候，隨後利用到某大學研究團隊的實驗進一步闡釋，第一個實驗研究發現同年存款為截止日期比下一年存款為截止日期更容易使人們開始開戶的行為，同樣第二個實驗驗證當截止日期和工作時間有類似特徵的時候不容易喚醒大家開始工作的意識。隨後文章給了一個關於deadline的實驗對比圖表。
題目：
1、文章主旨題；
2、信息題，問在開始工作前人們最關注concern什麼；
3.循證題，對應前一題；
4、詞彙題，問drive的意思；
5、信息題，問任務也很有可能被和當下聯繫起來即便在遙遠的將來；
6、循證題，對應前一題；
7、推斷題，作者提及日期的arbitrary是為了暗示什麼；
8、目的題，最後一段的作用是什麼；
9、圖表題，問哪一個值接近人們對於deadline的平均速率；
10、圖表題，問圖表與文章第一個存款實驗的區別。
第五篇
文章原文：
Ancient magma plumbing found buried below moon'slargest dark spot
By Eric HandOct. 1, 2014 ,1:00 PM
Scientists have found a nearly squarepeg underneath a round hole—on the moon. Several kilometers below OceanusProcellarum, the largest dark spot on the moon’s near side, scientists havediscovered a giant rectangle thought to be the remnants of a geologicalplumbing system that spilled lava across the moon about 3.5 billion years ago.The features are similar to rift valleys on Earth—regions where the crust iscooling, contracting, and ripping apart. Their existence shows that the moon,early in its history, experienced tectonic and volcanic activity normallyassociated with much bigger planets.
「We’re realizingthat the early moon was a much more dynamic place than we thought,」 saysJeffrey Andrews-Hanna, a planetary scientist at the Colorado School of Mines inGolden and lead author of a new study of the Procellarum’s geology. Thediscovery also casts doubt on the decades-old theory that the circularProcellarum region is a basin, or giant crater, created when a large asteroidslammed into the moon. 「We don’t expect a basin rim to have corners,」Andrews-Hanna says.
The work isbased on data gathered by GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory), apair of NASA spacecraft that orbited the moon in 2012. Sensitive to tinyvariations in the gravitational tug of the moon, GRAIL mapped densityvariations below the surface (because regions of higher density produceslightly higher gravitational forces). Below known impact basins, GRAIL foundthe expected ringlike patterns, but underneath the Procellarum region, themysterious rectangle emerged. 「It was a striking pattern that demanded anexplanation,」 Andrews-Hanna says.
Scientistsalready know that the Procellarum region is rich in radioactive elements thatbillions of years ago would have produced excess heat. The study team theorizesthat as this region cooled, the rock would have cracked in geometricalpatterns, like honeycomb patterns seen on Earth in basalt formations, but on amuch larger scale. In a study published today in Nature, the researcherspropose that these cracks eventually grew into rift valleys, wheremagma from the moon’s mantle welled up and pushed apart blocks of crust. Lava spilledout and paved over the Oceanus Procellarum, creating the dark spot that is seentoday. The extra weight of this dense material would have caused the wholeregion to sink slightly and form the topographic low that has made theProcellarum seem like a basin.
With thediscovery, the moon joins Earth, Mars, and Venus as solar system bodies withmapped examples of rifting. There are also similar features near the south poleof Enceladus, the moon of Saturn that is spewing water into space from cracksin an ice shell.
Andrews-Hannaand colleagues have made a good case, says Herbert Frey, a planetary scientistat NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, even though thenewly described features are surprising. The moon is not big enough to have thesame strong convective cooling process that Earth has in its interior, heexplains, and ordinarily convection is one of the main mechanisms thought tolead to large-scale rifting. So just what caused the rifting remains unclear.「It just means the moon continues to surprise us,」 he says. Frey adds that aremaining mystery is why the rectangular features were found only beneathOceanus Procellarum. Even if the rifting is explained by the excess radioactiveelements, there is still no definitive explanation for why only the near sideof the moon ended up enriched.
The discoverycould also be a death knell for the impact theory for Oceanus Procellarum, anidea first put forth in the early 1970s. A basin there would have been thelargest on the moon—larger than the South Pole–Aitken Basin—and second in thesolar system only to the Borealis Basin on Mars, which covers the planet’sentire northern hemisphere.
RyosukeNakamura, a researcher at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Scienceand Technology in Tsukuba, Japan, is still not convinced that an impact can beruled out. In 2012, he and his colleagues published a paper in NatureGeosciencethat found compositional evidence for an impactwithin Procellarum—a type of pyroxene mineral that is found in other, knownimpact basins such as South Pole–Aitken and is associated with the melting orexcavation of mantle rock from an asteroid impact.
In response tothe current study, Nakamura says that the features in the southwestern cornerof the Procellarum region look to be circular rather than rectangular, andstill consistent with an impact. But Frey, who has long been skeptical of theimpact theory, says that the features are as clear as day, and not what you』dexpect underneath a basin. 「That looks like a rectangle to me.」
文章概述：
ancient magma plumbing found buried below moon’s largest dark point
Eric Hand
2014 American Association for Advanced Science
內容：
月球最大的圓形暗點oceanus procellarum下面找到了長方形的地貌，有冷卻的巖漿等痕跡，很像地球的裂谷rift valley，證明月球很久以前也是有地址和巖漿活動的
OP這個暗點原來認為是隕石撞擊造成的盆地，但是長方形地貌的發現反駁了這個idea，因為盆地不可能有稜角
NASA發了一對飛船GRAIL可以採集地貌細微的變化以及分析密度，提供了信息個hannah andrews這個科學家和她的團隊。
OP這個暗點地區有大量的輻射粒子，可以釋放大量的熱量。在冷卻之後，地殼會開裂，地幔中的巖漿會溢出來，然後慢慢的形成了暗點，多出來的巖漿冷卻後加大了該地區的重量，導致下沉形成盆地狀的地貌。
宇宙中有很多相似的情況，作者距離了一些，比如土星的衛星。
最後另一個科學家表揚了hannah團隊的貢獻，但是仍舊問題沒解決，比如為什麼卻只有進地球的一側出現了OP和長方形地貌，而月球其他的地方雖然有相似的條件卻沒有這種地貌。
題目：
1、全文的主要目的是什麼？ 選擇月球上新的發現質疑之前的假設理論；
2、為什麼作者說發現新的長方形地貌的時候還要提及 geologic plumbing sysyem？是為了進一步說明該地域的地址形態；
3、Hannah是如何評價之前的隕石撞擊導致盆地理論的；
4、NASA飛船GRAIL給Hannah團隊提供了什麼樣的幫助；
5、GRAIL提供的信息和什麼有關；
6、Hannah對於信息後的分析如何評價；
7、尋證題；
8、結合以上內容，Dark Spot到底應該是如何形成的；
9、為什麼一開始認定OP是隕石衝擊形成的；
10、尋證題；
11、作者為什麼給出宇宙中一些其他天體的例子，比如土星的衛星。
語法部分
第一篇
文章概述：Vik Muniz’sExtraordinary Ordinary Art
第一段：Vik到Caribbean Island旅行，認識了當地的小孩，看到了他們勤勞的父母，認為應當重視他們辛勤的勞動成果；
第二段：Vik用特殊的材料sugar，製作了一個portrait即Sugar Children；他的作品在紐約現代博物館展覽，自Vik’s career as aphotographer takes off；
第三段：Vik又重新創作了一些著名的畫作，其中包括達文西的Last Supper；
第四段：Vik作品的意義，讓人們重新認識一些artwork並了解the world aroundthem；
題目：
1、句子結構考點：fragment：缺主句類型。while句式標點考查；
2、名詞單複數：只要細心就能做對。parents和labors數的對應；
3、第二段段落首句：哪一個句子introduce的接下來的信息：需要進行一些總結歸納；
4、平行結構：and並列句式中動詞形式的選擇，只要找準平行關鍵詞和平行的動詞基本不會有問題；
5、代詞，需要理解原文，看此處邏輯語義。指示前半句sugar應該選用的物主代詞；
6、插入語標點，需要分析句子結構，通讀原句整句話。in its 1917前後的標點；
7、句子插入題，第三段段首是否應插入句子及其原因；
8、考查邏輯連接，第三段第一句話和第二句話應該如何連接，原文連接詞是in contrast；
9、詞彙意思重複，famous和well-known意思重複；
10、sentence combination，主語相同的兩個句子的合併；
11、段首句選擇，考查對最後一段段落大意判斷並選出段首句子；
第二篇
文章概述：
第一段講社區在投資藝術項目的時候，其實也會考慮藝術對人們生活品質的提高；而藝術其實反過來能促進經濟；
第二段講：在社區內：藝術機構是消費者：購買物資；同時也是僱主：創造就業機會；
第三段講：舉辦藝術節等即可以促進當地經濟：當地人和旅客都會拉動經濟；
第四段講：因為藝術的以上好處：所以社區更應該資助藝術項目。
題目：
1、選擇合適的代詞，考點比較常規，主要是需要回到原文讀語義，應該對應的是communities；
2、尋找段中的過渡句，上面寫的是社區認為對藝術的資助其實是一種投資，後文講的是這種投資會帶來回報。關鍵詞investment 聯繫了上下文；
3、考察名詞單複數和’s 的應用，考點難度正常。只要細心就能做對；
4、考察的是詞彙的style and tone ：pitch in／fully and totally involved／play a role／；
5、邏輯詞考點：however／furthermore／for instance／in other words；
6、句子結構考點，很多學生的易錯點：run-on 兩個完整句子不能用逗號隔開。all of which 的用法；
7、固定搭配：be likely to 難度不大；
8、圖表題：迷惑性比較大，圖表數據比較簡單，但是有迷惑性。需要結合圖表下面的描述；
9、結合圖表題的語義題：問哪個選項能更好的支撐藝術機構對當地經濟的促進；
10、並列結構和主謂一致，spending 是句子主語，support 是其中一個謂語和contribute並列；
11、合併句子題，考點簡單，選擇最簡潔的就可以了。
第三篇
文章概述：
本篇語法的內容和醫療領域裡的primarycare有關。作者提到，primarycare的專家不足是醫療領域裡很嚴重的一個問題。但是藥物學家可以很好的作為一個補充。除了在傳統領域為人們和醫療事業做出貢獻，藥物學家還可以跨界，進行一些primarycare領域的工作。作者在文中舉出了一些事實來表明藥物學家可以做到的事情，在文章尾段，談到談到了法律上對於藥物學家對pimarycare領域提供幫助的制約，並且呼籲人們讓藥物學家更多地參與到primarycare 中來。文章的難度不是很高，修辭部分題目理解起來相對容易。
題目：
1、邏輯連接題。題目的出題位置為遞進強調的邏輯，所以選擇to makematters worse.
2、修辭類主旨題。題目出題位置是藥物學家能做到的事情。題幹的要求是讓學生貼合主旨作答。所以此題應該做完整篇文章後再最後解決。答案為藥物學家能很好地補充primaycare 領域的缺失。
3、修辭類題目。題目要求再給出一個理由，表明藥物學家能提供的好處。前面的理由是可以節約患者的金錢成本，選擇可以讓患者節約時間，不用走多餘的路程。
4、詞彙題。empower
5、語從句中that的省略。原句中的句子是tasktraditionally performed by…..task後的that 省略。
6、考查插入語。選項中考察學生對於逗號和破折號構成插入語的形式。選擇用逗號構成。
7、時態。考查學生對於時態一致性的理解。需要結合上下文的時態作答。
8、代詞。考查學生對於代詞指代是否明晰的掌握。
9、句子銜接。考查學生對於句子連接的掌握，和冒號及分號的使用方法。考察點是兩個完整的句子，且後句不對前句構成解釋說明。應該用分號連接。
10、主旨題。需要扣住藥物學家的重要作用。
11、簡潔原則。選擇 innovative way。
原文出處：http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6165/1452
第四篇
文章概述：
科學家一直對地球上海洋的形成存有疑問。由於在地球早期，地表溫度太高，不可能有水存在，以往的觀點認為地球上的海洋是由於結冰的彗星與地球碰撞後將水帶到了地球。但近年來隨著R物質的發現，科學家形成了新的觀點——地球上的一部分水可能來自地球內部。
R物質由很多transition zones組成，transitionzones是由上下層地幔相遇而形成的。地幔中有1.5%的礦物質含有水。即使早年地表溫度很高，地幔中礦物質所含有的水也可以形成地球上所有的海洋。科學家認為transition zones是water reservoir,這個發現說明地球上的水很有可能來自於地球內部。
題目：
1、標點：賓語從句標點符號：wonder how後面標點用句號；
2、例子支撐題：哪個選項可以支持icy comet與地球碰撞形成海洋。原文前一句論點清晰；
3、主語謂語單複數一致。難度比較小。discoveries have…；
4、插入語標點符號：需要通讀句子，分析清楚句子結構：at high temperatures and pressures後面符號；
5、哪個選項可以總結第二段。第二段主要講R這個物質的發現可以支持地球上的水來自內部；
6、過渡句，引出後文。後文大意較好總結：即R含有較多的水；
7、考察句子結構和句間邏輯，涉及fragment,sentence,so,therefore,while；
8、冗餘。high temperature和heat重複；
9、句子結構考察：兩個句子連接，只能有一個連詞。although和but不能連用；
10、單詞題。undergo process；
11、總結句，題幹信息很具體，只要回去讀第一段，基本能抓住意思。哪句引文可以支持第一段提出的觀點。地球海洋中的水可能來自地球內部。
數學部分
這次數學考試難度偏低，一次函數，二次函數，指數函數和方程組解的個數等基礎知識點仍然上佔據著最大篇幅。但能否取得很好的分數，還要看考生的信心程度。
統計部分一直都是sat考試的一大難點。然後此次考試並沒有對因果關係的確立和confidence level等與AP統計擦邊的知識點進行考察，重點放在了mean和median的計算以及散點圖的理解上。
應用題考察較全面，汽油問題考察從路程計算汽油，壓強問題考察了從壓強計算壓力，總的來說，SAT數學越來越強調應用數學知識解決實際問題的能力。
非計算器部分：
1、方程組解的個數。3x+5y=5;cx+10y=12沒有解，問c的值。
2、指數函數。y=540000(20/21)^20t,其中t代表分鐘，y代表fuel,問20/21代表什麼。
3、x-4=(x+2)^(0.5),求x ；
4、一次函數過（5，0），（0，10）求對應的直線方程。
5、二次函數交點式是y=(x-a)(x-b),問(a+b)/2代表了什麼。
計算器部分：
1、選擇某小學二年級男生作為樣本，統計結果也只能推廣到該小學二年級男生。
2、三角形兩條邊為7和13，13是最長的邊，問另一條邊是多少。
3、p=7c-40,p代表profits,c代表carvingstones數目，問7代表什麼含義。
4、汽油問題。一輛車40milesper hour, 25miles per gallon.問這輛車開了75分鐘需要用多少汽油。
5、壓強問題。單位面積大氣壓是14.7，問30個單位面積下壓力為多少。這道題沒有給出壓力和壓強的數學關係，對物理關係不熟悉的同學要根據單位判斷壓力和壓強的數學關係。
6、因式定理。多項式與x軸交點為-2，1，0，3，問下面哪個是多項式的factor.
7、二次函數常數項的含義。
8、散點圖：對於橫坐標為median的點，其縱坐標是多少。
9、如果想刻畫不同數目的班級佔總班級數的比例，要用什麼圖表。graph plot.
10、去掉outlier會怎麼影響均值和median.
寫作部分
這篇文章最初發表在2013年10月的《華盛頓郵報》。題材上來說，與OG6那篇 Lovely Stones有些相似，但論述方式上比較簡單。
這篇文章可謂「飽醮情感」 「emotionally-charged」，考生不妨按沿著「情感線」去論述作者是怎樣組織材料，一步步證明問題的嚴重性，同時贏得讀者支持的。
1、Egypt’s future lies in its history,particularly its archaeological history. For hundreds of years the mystery andwonders of the pyramids, the sphinx and the Valley of the Kings have attractedvisitors from around the world. Tourism is the lifeblood of Egypt’s economy andtouches the lives of most Egyptians, whether they work as tour guides,restaurant owners, craftsmen or bus operators. Egypt’s history holds theprosperity of the country’s future generations, including that of youths — morethan 40 million Egyptians are age 30 or younger — who are seekingopportunities.
首先作者直白地告訴了讀者歷史文物對埃及的埃及的重要意義—涉及民生的旅遊業。 作者這樣寫就能引起讀者對這個話題的重視,同時對埃及經濟的同情。
The author explicitly point out theimportance of archaeological history not only to the preservation of historyfor the entire humanity but also a more practical reason---the archaeologicalhistory is 「lifeblood」 of Egypt’s economy
關鍵詞： raise awareness, establish theimportance of archaeological history to Egypt’s economy.
2、But thieves are raiding ourarchaeological sites and selling their findings to the highest bidders. Theyare taking advantage of Egypt’s security situation to loot our nation’seconomic future and steal from our children.
然後作者告訴了我們一個讓人心痛的事實，那就是文物盜竊及拍賣猖獗，直接影響到了埃及的民生；
The author tells us a heartbreaking fact,antiquity theft of Egypt’s national treasuries and illegal auction.
關鍵詞： thieves, loot, steal from our children
Word choice, such as thieves, loot, andsteal from our children appeals to readers』 sense of indignation and theirsympathy to help protect these archaeological sites and findings.
第一第二段，作者引出了話題，同時為全文打下了基礎 lay a strongfoundation for further argument. 接下來作者開始論述
3、Egyptians need the people and thegovernment of the United States to support our efforts to combat the systematicand organized looting of our museums and archaeological sites. Imagine a worldin which the stories of King Tut, Cleopatra, Ramesses and others were absent fromthe collective consciousness. And with much of our history still waiting to bediscovered under the sand, the potential losses are staggering. Antiquitiestheft is one of the world’s top crimes — after the trafficking of weapons,narcotics and people — but it is seldom addressed.
作者向美國政府和人民尋求幫助，希望得到美國的支持，打擊文物盜竊及非法拍賣。 作者運用了大量文物，告訴我們這些文物對世界文化的重要性，從而引起我們對文物盜竊現象的痛恨。
關鍵詞: Egyptians need…support, thus appealing to readers』 sense of duty to helpEgypt in the fight against rampant antiquity theft.
Imagine a world (a number of well-knownexamples of cultural and historical relics) are absent. The author plead thereaders to think about the importance of those world-renowned cultural andhistorical treasures, in contrast to the fact of rampant theft and looting. Theauthor intends to raise readers』 awareness towards the gravity of the problemwhich is often overlooked by global community.
4、Egyptian antiquities are floodinginternational markets. Recent auctions at Christie’s in London and New Yorkincluded several items from Egypt. Fortunately, when contacted, Christie’s inLondon withdrew a number of itemsthat had been stolen from the tomb of KingAmenhotep III, discovered in 2000 in Luxor. Among the items was a steatite bustof an official dating from 1793 to 1976 B.C.
這一段作者是在引用典型例子， 證明antiquity theft andillegal auction是多麼猖獗，而這些都是在NYC 和 London這樣的地方發生的，拍賣行是Christie’s 這樣的知名公司，讀了讓人覺得非常氣憤。後半段作者在談論這些文物的重要性。
關鍵詞： flood international markets, includeat Christie’s London and New York aunctions.
5、Although arrests were made in this case,and two auction houses in Jerusalem canceled the sale of 126 antiquities afterbeing contacted by Egyptian officials, the tide unfortunately flows in theother direction. After being contacted by the Egyptian foreign ministry, otherauction houses have been unwilling to cooperate with requests to delay orcancel sales of items that experts assess have been stolen. Among those whomake their money selling antiquities, cooperation with the Egyptian governmenthas been mixed at best.
這一段承認了在打擊文物盜竊方面的成就，大公司Christie『s終止了拍賣，但同時，作者再次指出，更多的拍賣行知法犯法，讓讀者聽了更加的生氣。
關鍵詞： other auction houses have beenunwilling to cooperate. Cooperation…has been mixed at best.
The author intends to exacerbate/escalatethe anger among the readers toward auction houses who deliberately ignoreEgyptian government’s requests, thus appealing to their sense of righteousnessnot to boycott the auction houses that sell Egyptian cultural relics.
6、Looting is a centuries-old business and acrime that Egyptians will no doubt be fighting for years, especially duringdifficult economic times. Our country is willing to take a strong stand. No onecan forget the stark images of Egyptians — men and women, Muslims andChristians, young and old — creating a human shield to protect the EgyptianMuseum in Cairo during the 2011 revolution. Still, thieves succeeded instealing several items from its collection. Despite our government’s bestefforts to retrieve those artifacts, more than 50 items, including some fromthe famous King Tut tomb, remain missing.
這一段在論述埃及在打擊文物盜竊一貫的努力，強調整個國家、無論男女老幼、不同種族和信仰都達成了一致，但就如「沒有買賣，就沒有殺戮「，作者在論述根本原因」root cause」是買方市場，這位文章後面的呼籲做鋪墊。
關鍵詞： Looting is a centruies-oldbusiness. Our country ….strong stand,human shield to protect. (in contrast) thieves succeeded in stealing.
7、In the Aug. 14 attack on the MalawiNational Museum, in Minya, more than 1,000 items were taken: statues more than3,500 years old; jewelry from the time of the ancient Pharaohs; Greco-Romangold coins. When security forces tried to stop them, the thieves burned someitems they could not take, including mummies.
更多例子來證明自己的觀點，文物盜竊還是很猖獗。
8、Every day, Egyptians risk their lives toprevent organized gangs from stealing our heritage. Our country is not the onlyplace under attack: Iraq, Syria, Libya, Peru and Guatemala are sufferingsimilar assaults on their heritage. Halting these crimes on our civilizationwill require a coordinated global effort — from both the 「producers」 and the「consumers.」
更多的國家都在打擊文物盜竊，這樣就把這個問題放在全球視野內，Iraq, Syria,Libya等都是典型例子，這裡可以評價文物盜竊是世界性的問題，同時，這些國家和埃及都一樣，都屬於發展中國家，有些面臨戰亂的困擾，這樣就更需要發達國家的民眾抵制這些無良商家。
關鍵詞：Our country is not the only place underattack. Halting these crimes…require acoordinated global effort.
The author claims that looting of antiquityis a global problem. To back up his claim, he quote countries such as Iraq,Syria, Libya etc as examples to back up his claim. As these countries, more orless, share similarities with Egypt—all are developing countries, some aresuffering from wars, these once again appeals to readers』 sense of duty toboycott such auction deals in auction houses.
9、It is our common duty, in Egypt andaround the world, to defend our shared heritage. International institutions,governments, business, archaeologists and other experts must come together toexplore how to help countries in need protect their treasures. The efforts ofgroups such as the International Coalition to Protect Egyptian Antiquities areappreciated — but much more aid is necessary. The youths of Egypt deserve more.There is no time to waste.
作者最後呼籲了這是我們共同的責任，來保護這些文物，希望大家支持國際組織在打擊文物盜竊的努力，同時強調了問題的緊迫。
Toward the end of the article, the authoronce again appeals to readers』 duty in the fight against antiquity theft, callfor their support for international organizations. The author also point outthat this is an urgent task.
本文轉自沃邦教育，文章由沃邦教育SAT教研組原創，轉載需要經原公眾號授權，沃邦教育在SAT輔導方面非常專業，出現眾多高分學員。
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